mysql数据库同步xtrab_mysql的主从复制

mysql的主从复制

所有的关系型数据库都存在一个通病性能差，在企业中如果用户量特别打，将所有的数据都存放在一台服务器上，其性能时远远达不到要求的。所以需要使用一些手段来解决其性能的问题。

提升性能的方式有向上扩展以及向外扩展

向上扩展(Scale Up):使用更新更好的硬件，但硬件在怎么更新也有其性能的极限。盲目的向上扩展无法结局根本的问题

向外扩展(Scale Out):就是使用多台机器分摊压力来提供服务

主从复制就是拿多个数据库服务器，组合成一个服务器的集合对外共同服务实现性能的提升，逻辑上使用的时对外扩展的方式(Scale out)来提升服务器的性能。

新主机搭建主从复制搭建

服务器类型

ip地址

主

192.168.73.133

从

192.168.73.145

主服务器操作

1.在主服务器上启用二进制日志

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf

log-bin=/data/bin/mysql-bin

binlog-format=row

server-id=1

2.创建二进制日志目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data/bin

[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/bin

3.重启服务

[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld restart

Restarting mysqld (via systemctl): [ OK ]

4.创建一个用来让从服务器复制数据的账号

MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO repluser@'192.168.73.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'centos';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

5.查看主服务器正在使用的二进制日志

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW MASTER LOGS;

+------------------+-----------+

| Log_name | File_size |

+------------------+-----------+

| mysql-bin.000001 | 515 | #当前二进制文件及位置需要记录，从服务器设置时需要

+------------------+-----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

从服务器操作

1.修改配置文件

server-id = 2 #server-id改为和主服务器不同

read-only #设置为只读

#log-bin=mysql-bin #将二进制日志关闭

2.启动MySQL服务器

[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld restart

Starting mysqld (via systemctl): [ OK ]

3.关联主服务器

MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.73.133',MASTER_USER='repluser',MASTER_PASSWORD='centos',MASTER_PORT=3306,MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=515;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

4.查看从服务器状态

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State:

Master_Host: 192.168.73.133

Master_User: repluser

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 515

Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000001

Relay_Log_Pos: 4

Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001

Slave_IO_Running: No

Slave_SQL_Running: No

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno: 0

Last_Error:

Skip_Counter: 0

Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 515

Relay_Log_Space: 256

Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos: 0

Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno: 0

Last_IO_Error:

Last_SQL_Errno: 0

Last_SQL_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id: 0

Master_SSL_Crl:

Master_SSL_Crlpath:

Using_Gtid: No

Gtid_IO_Pos:

Replicate_Do_Domain_Ids:

Replicate_Ignore_Domain_Ids:

Parallel_Mode: conservative

SQL_Delay: 0

SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL

Slave_SQL_Running_State:

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR: No query specified

5.启动线程

MariaDB [(none)]> START SLAVE;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

测试

在主服务器上导入一个hellodb数据库

[root@localhost ~]# mysql < hellodb_innodb.sql

从服务器上查看是否同步成功

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| hellodb | #已经有hellodb库

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| test |

+--------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

主服务器已有数据的情况下搭建主从

拥有一台已经有数据的mysql服务器，追加一台从服务器

服务器

IP地址

Master

192.168.73.148

Slave

192.168.73.149

Master中的数据

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -e "SHOW DATABASES;"

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| hellodb |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| test |

| test1 |

+--------------------+

配置主服务器

1.修改主服务器配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

log-bin=/data/bin/mysql-bin

binlog-format=row

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mariadb

2.创建复制账号

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -e "GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repluser'@'192.168.73.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'centos';"

3.备份主节点中的所有数据

[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -A --single-transaction -F --master-data=1 > /data/all.sql

[root@localhost ~]# vim /data/all.sql

4.将备份数据传送给从节点

[root@localhost ~]# scp /data/all.sql 192.168.73.149:/data

配置从服务器

1.修改配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

server-id=2

read-only

2.清空MySQL数据库

[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*

3.修改备份数据将chang master to 加入文件中

CHANGE MASTER TO

MASTER_HOST='192.168.73.148',

MASTER_USER='repluser',

MASTER_PASSWORD='centos',

MASTER_PORT=3306,

MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000005',

MASTER_LOG_POS=245;

4.启动MySQL服务，并导入备份

[root@localhost ~]# mysql < /data/all.sql

5.查看从节点状态

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State:

Master_Host: 192.168.73.148

Master_User: repluser

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 245

Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000001

Relay_Log_Pos: 4

Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005

Slave_IO_Running: No

Slave_SQL_Running: No

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno: 0

Last_Error:

Skip_Counter: 0

Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 245

Relay_Log_Space: 245

Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos: 0

Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno: 0

Last_IO_Error:

Last_SQL_Errno: 0

Last_SQL_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id: 0

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

6.启动线程

MariaDB [(none)]> START SLAVE;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

7.再次查看从节点状态，复制的2个线程已经启动

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 192.168.73.148

Master_User: repluser

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 245

Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002

Relay_Log_Pos: 529

Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000005

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno: 0

Last_Error:

Skip_Counter: 0

Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 245

Relay_Log_Space: 825

Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos: 0

Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno: 0

Last_IO_Error:

Last_SQL_Errno: 0

Last_SQL_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id: 1

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

测试

主节点删test1库

MariaDB [(none)]> DROP DATABASE test1;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

从节点查看是否同步

MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| hellodb |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| test |

+--------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec) #已经没有test1库