在CentOS 7系统中NFS的安装与使用

#!/bin/bash

what’s nfs ?

网络文件系统（英语：Network File System，缩写作 NFS）是一种分布式文件系统，力求客户端主机可以访问服务器端文件，并且其过程与访问本地存储时一样，它由Sun微系统（已被甲骨文公司收购）开发，于1984年发布[1]。
它基于开放网络运算远程过程调用（ONC RPC）系统：一个开放、标准的RFC系统，任何人或组织都可以依据标准实现它。

Why is it used ?

为了共享文件，因为挂载一个文件系统是可能的，NFS客户端能够像访问本地文件一样访问Nfs 服务器端文件。

How to Setup NFS ?

Step 1 install nfs server

1.1 Installing nfs-utils

sudo su -
yum install nfs-utils

1.2 Choose the directory to share. If not present create one.| 选择共享的目录

mkdir /var/nfs_share_dir

1.3 Add permissions and ownwership privilages to the shared directory. | 添加权限

chmod -R 755 /var/nfs_share_dir
chown nfsnobody:nfsnobody /var/nfs_share_dir

1.4 Start the nfs services. | 启动服务

systemctl enable rpcbind
systemctl enable nfs-server
systemctl enable nfs-lock
systemctl enable nfs-idmap
systemctl start rpcbind
systemctl start nfs-server
systemctl start nfs-lock
systemctl start nfs-idmap

1.5 Open the exports file and add these lines. | 配置 exports 文件，添加以下内容

Configuring the exports file for sharing.

vi /etc/exports

# Fill in the the file-shared path and clients details in /etc/exports.
# 192.168.48.101 - Client's IP  | 192.168.48.101  (客户端Ip)
/var/nfs_share_dir    192.168.48.101(rw,sync,no_root_squash)

1.6 .Restart the service | 重启服务

systemctl restart nfs-server

1.6 .Only for Centos 7,NFS service override | 配置防火墙

firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=nfs
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=mountd
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=rpc-bind
firewall-cmd --reload

Step 2 install nfs client

2.1.Installing nfs-utils

sudo su -
yum install nfs-utils

2.2.Create a mount point | 创建挂载位置

mkdir -p /mnt/nfs/var/nfs_share_dir

2.3 Mounting the filesystem | 挂载文件系统

mount -t nfs 192.168.48.100:/var/nfs_share_dir /mnt/nfs/var/nfs_share_dir
# -t  type of filesystem
# 192.168.48.100 server's IP  | 192.168.48.100 (服务器端Ip)

2.4.Verify if mounted | 检查是否挂载

$ df -kh

# Filesystem                    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
# /dev/mapper/centos-root         39G  1.1G   38G   3% /
# devtmpfs                        488M     0  488M   0% /dev
# tmpfs                          494M     0  494M   0% /dev/shm
# tmpfs                            494M  6.7M  487M   2% /run
# tmpfs                            494M     0  494M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
# /dev/mapper/centos-home           19G   33M   19G   1% /home
# /dev/sda1                         497M  126M  372M  26% /boot
# 192.168.48.100:/var/nfs_share_dir   39G  980M   38G   3% /mnt/nfs/var/nfs_share_dir

2.5 Mounting permanently. | 永久挂载

# Now if the client is rebooted, we need to remount again. So, to mount permanently,we need to configure /etc/fstab file.
# Append this to /etc/fstab  将以下内容添加到文件 /etc/fstab 中去
192.168.48.100:/var/nfs_share_dir /mnt/nfs/var/nfs_share_dir nfs defaults 0 0

2.6 To verify, create a file in the Client-side, and open in server-side.

# Client-side
echo "Client Hello" >> /mnt/nfs/var/nfs_share_dir/testing.txt
# Server-side(192.168.48.100)
$ cat /var/nfs_share_dir/testing.txt
Client Hello

How to use nfs on windows

problems

Hurray! Now client is able to access the files of server.