php mysql execute语法_PHP execute

修改一下文章，之前没说明问题。

主要说明一下PHP的执行过程，涉及到函数执行流程，PHP 的函数让PHP强大的特点之一，暂时不讨论类。PHP 的作用域控制只有两处，函数和类，在实际中感觉函数控制作用域的概念更多一点。

函数分为用户自定义函数，和内部函数。内部函数是php用C 或者是C++编写，这里分析的时候，不会涉及到作用域的切换，在模块初始化的时候就会加载到全局的函数表中EG(function_table)。

内部函数，用户自定义函数，op_array 三者的数据结构如下所示：

struct _zend_op_array {/* Common elements */zend_uchar type;char *function_name;zend_class_entry *scope;zend_uint fn_flags;union _zend_function *prototype;zend_uint num_args;zend_uint required_num_args;zend_arg_info *arg_info;zend_bool pass_rest_by_reference;unsigned char return_reference;/* END of common elements */zend_bool done_pass_two;zend_uint *refcount;zend_op *opcodes;zend_uint last, size;zend_compiled_variable *vars;int last_var, size_var;zend_uint T;zend_brk_cont_element *brk_cont_array;int last_brk_cont;int current_brk_cont;zend_try_catch_element *try_catch_array;int last_try_catch;/* static variables support */HashTable *static_variables;zend_op *start_op;int backpatch_count;zend_uint this_var;char *filename;zend_uint line_start;zend_uint line_end;char *doc_comment;zend_uint doc_comment_len;zend_uint early_binding; /* the linked list of delayed declarations */void *reserved[ZEND_MAX_RESERVED_RESOURCES];};typedef struct _zend_internal_function {/* Common elements */zend_uchar type;char * function_name;zend_class_entry *scope;zend_uint fn_flags;union _zend_function *prototype;zend_uint num_args;zend_uint required_num_args;zend_arg_info *arg_info;zend_bool pass_rest_by_reference;unsigned char return_reference;/* END of common elements */void (*handler)(INTERNAL_FUNCTION_PARAMETERS);struct _zend_module_entry *module;} zend_internal_function;typedef union _zend_function {zend_uchar type;/* MUST be the first element of this struct! */struct {zend_uchar type; /* never used */char *function_name;zend_class_entry *scope;zend_uint fn_flags;union _zend_function *prototype;zend_uint num_args;zend_uint required_num_args;zend_arg_info *arg_info;zend_bool pass_rest_by_reference;unsigned char return_reference;} common;zend_op_array op_array;zend_internal_function internal_function;} zend_function;typedef struct _zend_function_state {zend_function *function;void **arguments;} zend_function_state

这三个数据结构之间可以相互转换，我在上面也列出了一个_zend_function_state 的数据结构，会讲op_array 中的 function 赋值给执行数据_zend_execute_data 的function_state字段的 function，从而将普通代码中切入一个函数，对于作用域的切换稍后说明。

在excute 执行过程中，有EX(function_state).function = (zend_function *) op_array;可以说明一切。

一个重要的数据结构：

struct _zend_execute_data {struct _zend_op *opline;zend_function_state function_state;zend_function *fbc; /* Function Being Called */zend_class_entry *called_scope;zend_op_array *op_array;zval *object;union _temp_variable *Ts;zval ***CVs;HashTable *symbol_table;struct _zend_execute_data *prev_execute_data;zval *old_error_reporting;zend_bool nested;zval **original_return_value;zend_class_entry *current_scope;zend_class_entry *current_called_scope;zval *current_this;zval *current_object;struct _zend_op *call_opline;}

用于保存执行期间的数据，在作用域切换的时候起至关重要的作用。

ZEND_API void execute(zend_op_array *op_array TSRMLS_DC){zend_execute_data *execute_data;zend_bool nested = 0;zend_bool original_in_execution = EG(in_execution);if (EG(exception)) {return;}EG(in_execution) = 1;zend_vm_enter:/* Initialize execute_data */execute_data = (zend_execute_data *)zend_vm_stack_alloc(ZEND_MM_ALIGNED_SIZE(sizeof(zend_execute_data)) +ZEND_MM_ALIGNED_SIZE(sizeof(zval**) * op_array->last_var * (EG(active_symbol_table) ? 1 : 2)) +ZEND_MM_ALIGNED_SIZE(sizeof(temp_variable)) * op_array->T TSRMLS_CC);EX(CVs) = (zval***)((char*)execute_data + ZEND_MM_ALIGNED_SIZE(sizeof(zend_execute_data)));memset(EX(CVs), 0, sizeof(zval**) * op_array->last_var);EX(Ts) = (temp_variable *)(((char*)EX(CVs)) + ZEND_MM_ALIGNED_SIZE(sizeof(zval**) * op_array->last_var * (EG(active_symbol_table) ? 1 : 2)));EX(fbc) = NULL;EX(called_scope) = NULL;EX(object) = NULL;EX(old_error_reporting) = NULL;EX(op_array) = op_array;EX(symbol_table) = EG(active_symbol_table);EX(prev_execute_data) = EG(current_execute_data);EG(current_execute_data) = execute_data;EX(nested) = nested;nested = 1;if (op_array->start_op) {ZEND_VM_SET_OPCODE(op_array->start_op);} else {ZEND_VM_SET_OPCODE(op_array->opcodes);}if (op_array->this_var != -1 && EG(This)) { Z_ADDREF_P(EG(This)); /* For $this pointer */if (!EG(active_symbol_table)) {EX(CVs)[op_array->this_var] = (zval**)EX(CVs) + (op_array->last_var + op_array->this_var);*EX(CVs)[op_array->this_var] = EG(This);} else {if (zend_hash_add(EG(active_symbol_table), "this", sizeof("this"), &EG(This), sizeof(zval *), (void**)&EX(CVs)[op_array->this_var])==FAILURE) {Z_DELREF_P(EG(This));}}}EG(opline_ptr) = &EX(opline);EX(function_state).function = (zend_function *) op_array;EX(function_state).arguments = NULL;while (1) { int ret;#ifdef ZEND_WIN32if (EG(timed_out)) {zend_timeout(0);}#endifif ((ret = EX(opline)->handler(execute_data TSRMLS_CC)) > 0) {switch (ret) {case 1:EG(in_execution) = original_in_execution;return;case 2:op_array = EG(active_op_array);goto zend_vm_enter;case 3:execute_data = EG(current_execute_data);default:break;}}}zend_error_noreturn(E_ERROR, "Arrived at end of main loop which shouldn't happen");}

执行期间 有EX(prev_execute_data) = EG(current_execute_data);会保存一下现场，

然后EG(current_execute_data) = execute_data;

当执行到函数的op_array时，EG(active_op_array) = &EX(function_state).function->op_array;

会执行到

case 2:

op_array = EG(active_op_array);

goto zend_vm_enter;

当函数将要执行完毕或者返回的时候，可以主动调用return 或者PHP 会自动放回一个NULL,然后是zend_do_return 生成 ZEND_RETURN的opcode ,根据类型不同会调用几个不同的函数，但总之会调用一个名为zend_leave_helper_SPEC 的函数，其中：

EG(current_execute_data) = EX(prev_execute_data);会将返回以前的场景，保证回到执行函数以前的作用域。

个人觉得关键的是以上的一些数据结构，以及相互之间的联系。

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