枚举类及其使用

枚举类

一、枚举类的使用

1. 枚举类的理解：类的对象只有有限个，确定的。我们称此类为枚举类
2. 当需要定义一组常量时，强烈建议使用枚举类
3. 如果枚举类中只有一个对象，则可以作为单例模式的实现方式

• 二、 如何定义枚举类
• 方式一：jdk5.0之前，自定义枚举类

public class SeasonTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season season = Season.SUMMER;
        System.out.println(season.toString());

    }
}
//自定义枚举类
class Season{
    //声明Season的属性 需用private final修饰
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;
    //1.私有化类的构造器 并给对象属性赋值
    private  Season(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
        this.seasonName=seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc=seasonDesc;
    }
    //3.提供当前枚举类的多个对象 public static final的
    public static final Season SPRING=new Season("春天","春暖花开");
    public static final Season SUMMER=new Season("夏天","夏日炎炎");
    public static final Season AUTUMN=new Season("秋天","秋高气爽");
    public static final Season WINTER=new Season("冬天","冰天雪地");
    //4.获取枚举类对象的属性


    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }
    //5提供toString方法

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season{" +
                "seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
                ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

• 方式二：jdk5.0时，可以使用enum关键字定义枚举类
  说明：enum定义的枚举类继承于class java.lang.Enum类

public class SeasonTest1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season1 season1 = Season1.SPRING;
        System.out.println(season1);//SPRING
        System.out.println(Season1.class.getSuperclass());//得到父类：class java.lang.Enum
    }
}
//使用enum定义枚举类
enum  Season1{
    //1.提供当前枚举类的对象，多个对象之间用","隔开，末尾用";",结束
    SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
    SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"),
    AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
    WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地");
    //2.声明Season的属性 需用private final修饰
    private final String season1Name;
    private final String season1Desc;
    //3.私有化类的构造器 并给对象属性赋值
    private  Season1(String season1Name,String season1Desc){
        this.season1Name=season1Name;
        this.season1Desc=season1Desc;
    }
    //4.获取枚举类对象的属性


    public String getSeason1Name() {
        return season1Name;
    }

    public String getSeason1Desc() {
        return season1Desc;
    }
}

三、Enum类中的常用方法

• valueof()方法：返回枚举类型的对象数组。该方法可以很方便的遍历所有的枚举值
• valueOf(String str):可以把一个字符串转为对应的枚举类对象，要求字符串必须是枚举类对象的"名字"。如果不是，会有运行时异常
• toString():返回当前枚举类对象的常量名称

public class SeasonTest1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season1 season1 = Season1.SPRING;
        //toString方法
        System.out.println(season1.toString());//SPRING
        System.out.println(Season1.class.getSuperclass());//得到父类：class java.lang.Enum
        //values()
        Season1[] values=Season1.values();
        for (int i = 0; i <values.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(values[i]);//SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER
        }
        //valueOf(String objName):返回枚举类中对象名是objName的对象
        Season1 winter = Season1.valueOf("WINTER");
        System.out.println(winter);//WINTER
        //如果没有objName的枚举类对象，则抛出异常
        Season1 winter1 = Season1.valueOf("WINTER1");//抛异常
    }
}