java string 模板_Java字符串模板格式化汇总8法(附性能对比)

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在开发过程中,经常会和字符串打交道, 其中字符串拼接的工作必不可少,

比如:

我要生成一个如此格式的路径,有什么办法?

String path= "/home/expressdelivery/${yearMonth}/${expressDeliveryType}/vipQuery_${fileName}.log";

其中的:

yearMonth

是当前日期的年月

expressDeliveryType

是物流方式的类型,以顺丰sf举例 ,如果是其他快递会是其他值

fileName

是当前时间的时间戳

我们来汇总下实现方式

1. ++

对于初学JAVA的蒙童,大约都会使用这招

@Test

public void testAdd(){

Date now = new Date();

String yearMonth = DateUtil.toString(now, DatePattern.YEAR_AND_MONTH);

String expressDeliveryType = "sf";

String fileName = DateUtil.toString(now, DatePattern.TIMESTAMP);

String template = "/home/expressdelivery/" + yearMonth + "/" + expressDeliveryType + "/vipQuery_" + fileName + ".log";

System.out.println(template);

}

输出 :

/home/expressdelivery/2017-07/sf/vipQuery_20170723042314.log

2. StringBuffer / StringBuilder

@Test

public void testStringBuilder(){

Date now = new Date();

String yearMonth = DateUtil.toString(now, DatePattern.YEAR_AND_MONTH);

String expressDeliveryType = "sf";

String fileName = DateUtil.toString(now, DatePattern.TIMESTAMP);

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

sb.append("/home/expressdelivery/");

sb.append(yearMonth);

sb.append("/");

sb.append(expressDeliveryType);

sb.append("/vipQuery_");

sb.append(fileName);

sb.append(".log");

String template = sb.toString();

System.out.println(template);

}

输出 :

/home/expressdelivery/2017-07/sf/vipQuery_20170723042603.log

缺点:

代码太长了

3. StringUtil.format(String, Object…​)

使用 com.feilong.core.lang.StringUtil.format(String, Object…​)

内部封装了 String.format(String, Object)

@Test

public void testStringFormat(){

Date now = new Date();

String yearMonth = DateUtil.toString(now, DatePattern.YEAR_AND_MONTH);

String expressDeliveryType = "sf";

String fileName = DateUtil.toString(now, DatePattern.TIMESTAMP);

String template = StringUtil.format("/home/expressdelivery/%s/%s/vipQuery_%s.log", yearMonth, expressDeliveryType, fileName);

System.out.println(template);

}

输出 :

/home/expressdelivery/2017-07/sf/vipQuery_20170723043153.log

4. MessageFormatUtil.format(String, Object…​)

使用 com.feilong.core.text.MessageFormatUtil.format(String, Object…​)

内部封装了 java.text.MessageFormat.format(String, Object…​)

@Test

public void testMessageFormat(){

Date now = new Date();

String yearMonth = DateUtil.toString(now, DatePattern.YEAR_AND_MONTH);

String expressDeliveryType = "sf";

String fileName = DateUtil.toString(now, DatePattern.TIMESTAMP);

String template = MessageFormatUtil

.format("/home/expressdelivery/{0}/{1}/vipQuery_{2}.log", yearMonth, expressDeliveryType, fileName);

System.out.println(template);

}

输出 :

/home/expressdelivery/2017-07/sf/vipQuery_20170723043153.log

5. Slf4jUtil.format(String, Object…​)

使用 com.feilong.tools.slf4j.Slf4jUtil.format(String, Object…​)

借助 slf4j 日志占位符

@Test

public void testSlf4jFormat(){

Date now = new Date();

String yearMonth = DateUtil.toString(now, DatePattern.YEAR_AND_MONTH);

String expressDeliveryType = "sf";

String fileName = DateUtil.toString(now, DatePattern.TIMESTAMP);

String template = Slf4jUtil.format("/home/expressdelivery/{}/{}/vipQuery_{}.log", yearMonth, expressDeliveryType, fileName);

System.out.println(template);

}

输出:

/home/expressdelivery/2017-07/sf/vipQuery_20170723144236.log

6. StringUtil.replace(CharSequence, Map)

使用 com.feilong.core.lang.StringUtil.replace(CharSequence, Map)

内部封装了 apache commons-lang3 org.apache.commons.lang3.text.StrSubstitutor , 现在叫 commons-text

使用给定的字符串 templateString 作为模板,解析匹配的变量 .

@Test

public void testReplace(){

Date date = new Date();

Map map = new HashMap<>();

map.put("yearMonth", DateUtil.toString(date, YEAR_AND_MONTH));

map.put("expressDeliveryType", "sf");

map.put("fileName", DateUtil.toString(date, TIMESTAMP));

String template = StringUtil.replace("/home/expressdelivery/${yearMonth}/${expressDeliveryType}/vipQuery_${fileName}.log", map);

System.out.println(template);

}

输出:

/home/expressdelivery/2017-07/sf/vipQuery_20170723144608.log

优点:

模块可以定义变量名字了,不怕混乱

Note

此方法只能替换字符串,而不能像el表达式一样使用对象属性之类的来替换

7. VelocityUtil.parseString(String, Map)

使用 com.feilong.tools.velocity.VelocityUtil.parseString(String, Map)

该方法需要 jar

com.feilong.platform.tools

feilong-tools-velocity

${version.feilong-platform}

@Test

public void testVelocityParseString(){

Date date = new Date();

Map map = new HashMap<>();

map.put("yearMonth", DateUtil.toString(date, YEAR_AND_MONTH));

map.put("expressDeliveryType", "sf");

map.put("fileName", DateUtil.toString(date, TIMESTAMP));

VelocityUtil velocityUtil = new VelocityUtil();

String template = velocityUtil

.parseString("/home/expressdelivery/${yearMonth}/${expressDeliveryType}/vipQuery_${fileName}.log", map);

System.out.println(template);

}

输出

/home/expressdelivery/2017-07/sf/vipQuery_20170723145856.log

8. VelocityUtil.parseTemplateWithClasspathResourceLoader(String, Map)

使用 com.feilong.tools.velocity.VelocityUtil.parseTemplateWithClasspathResourceLoader(String, Map)

该方法需要 jar

com.feilong.platform.tools

feilong-tools-velocity

${version.feilong-platform}

该方法适合于 字符串模板独立成文件, 方便维护

路径是classpath 下面, 比如 velocity/path.vm

此时代码需要如此调用:

@Test

public void testVelocityParseTemplateWithClasspathResourceLoader(){

Date date = new Date();

Map map = new HashMap<>();

map.put("yearMonth", DateUtil.toString(date, YEAR_AND_MONTH));

map.put("expressDeliveryType", "sf");

map.put("fileName", DateUtil.toString(date, TIMESTAMP));

VelocityUtil velocityUtil = new VelocityUtil();

String template = velocityUtil.parseTemplateWithClasspathResourceLoader("velocity/path.vm", map);

System.out.println(template);

}

输出 :

/home/expressdelivery/2017-07/sf/vipQuery_20170723150443.log

9. 性能对比

上图是 分别循环 100000, 500000, 1000000, 2000000 统计出来的数据

在性能上 String format 是最差的

字符串 ++ 最快, StringBuilder 次之 , slf4j 的格式化再次之

测试硬件概览:

型号名称：MacBook Pro

处理器名称：Intel Core i5

处理器速度：2.9 GHz

内存：16 GB

10. 参考