微信android客户端类图,通过源码角度看看AccessibilityService

简介

AccessibilityService的设计初衷是为了辅助有身体缺陷的群体使用Android应用，它的设计贯穿着Android的控件树View, ViewGroup, ViewRootImpl体系。借助于system_server进程的中转，能够注册Accessibility事件的客户端可以具备通过system_server提供的Accessibility服务来实现监听、操作其它应用视图的功能。这个功能十分强大，可以模拟用户的行为去操作其它APP，常常被用在自动化测试、微信抢红包、自动回复等功能实现中。

写这个的初衷有二：

之前已经完成了Android View控件树的绘制、事件分发的源码分析，知识储备足够

最近接触到了一些自动化方面的项目，并且对使用无障碍服务实现的自动微信抢红包功能原理十分好奇

整体图

类图

AccessibilityService: APP端直接继承的类，本质上是Service，通过onBind获取匿名Binder对象实现通信

IAccessibilityServiceClientWrapper: 用于和system_server通信的匿名Binder服务

AccessibilityInteractionClient: 本质上是个binder服务，用于获取Node信息

AccessibilityManagerService: 运行在system_server的实名binder服务，是整体的管理类

Service: AccessibilityManagerService的内部类，用于响应AccessibilityInteractionClient的binder通信请求

AccessibilityInteractionConnection: 运行在被监测的APP端，提供查找、点击视图等服务

AccessibilityManager: 运行在各个APP端，用于发送视图变化事件

AccessibilityInteractionController: 具体视图查找、点击服务的中间控制器

AccessibilityNodeProvider: 由客户端实现的视图节点内容提供者，最终操作的实现者

整体设计图

实例代码

public class AutoDismissService extends AccessibilityService {

@Override

public void onAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event) {

if (event == null) {

return;

}

// 自动将android系统弹出的其它crash dialog取消

dismissAppErrorDialogIfExists(event);

}

private void dismissAppErrorDialogIfExists(AccessibilityEvent event) {

// WINDOW视图变化才进行对应操作

if ((event.getEventType() == AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_WINDOW_CONTENT_CHANGED

&& event.getPackageName().equals("android")) {

// 查找带有"OK"字符的可点击Node

AccessibilityNodeInfo nodeInfo = findViewByText("OK", true);

if (nodeInfo != null) {

// 查找到后执行点击操作

performViewClick(nodeInfo);

}

}

public AccessibilityNodeInfo findViewByText(String text, boolean clickable) {

// 获取当前窗口父节点

AccessibilityNodeInfo accessibilityNodeInfo = getRootInActiveWindow();

if (accessibilityNodeInfo == null) {

return null;

}

// 获取到满足字符要求的节点

List nodeInfoList = accessibilityNodeInfo.findAccessibilityNodeInfosByText(text);

if (nodeInfoList != null && !nodeInfoList.isEmpty()) {

for (AccessibilityNodeInfo nodeInfo : nodeInfoList) {

if (nodeInfo != null && (nodeInfo.isClickable() == clickable)) {

return nodeInfo;

}

}

}

return null;

}

public void performViewClick(AccessibilityNodeInfo nodeInfo) {

if (nodeInfo == null) {

return;

}

// 由下至上进行查询，直到寻找到可点击的节点

while (nodeInfo != null) {

if (nodeInfo.isClickable()) {

nodeInfo.performAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_CLICK);

break;

}

nodeInfo = nodeInfo.getParent();

}

}

}

以上是一个典型的实现Accessibility功能的JAVA代码，主要涉及三点功能：

当系统中有应用视图变化后，onAccessibilityEvent 方法会自动被system_server调用

通过AccessibilityService的getRootInActiveWindow与findAccessibilityNodeInfosByText方法，可以获取到节点信息

通过AccessibilityNodeInfo的performAction方法，最终会在被监听APP中执行对应操作

本篇文章将会围绕着这三点主要功能进行源码分析

源码分析

常见 AccessibilityEvent 事件种类

序号

种类名称

触发时机

1

TYPE_VIEW_CLICKED

可点击的组件被点击

2

TYPE_VIEW_LONG_CLICKED

可点击的组件被长按

3

TYPE_VIEW_SELECTED

组件被选中

4

TYPE_VIEW_FOCUSED

组件获取到了焦点

5

TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGED

组件中的文本发生变化

6

TYPE_VIEW_SCROLLED

组件被滑动

7

TYPE_WINDOW_STATE_CHANGED

dialog等被打开

8

TYPE_NOTIFICATION_STATE_CHANGED

通知弹出

9

TYPE_WINDOW_CONTENT_CHANGED

组件树发生了变化

onAccessibilityEvent 触发流程

这里以TextView.setText触发事件变化流程为例进行分析

TextView.setText

应用组件状态发生变化

frameworks/base/core/java/android/widget/TextView.java

private void setText(CharSequence text, BufferType type,

boolean notifyBefore, int oldlen) {

...

notifyViewAccessibilityStateChangedIfNeeded(AccessibilityEvent.CONTENT_CHANGE_TYPE_TEXT);

...

}

public void notifyViewAccessibilityStateChangedIfNeeded(int changeType) {

if (!AccessibilityManager.getInstance(mContext).isEnabled() || mAttachInfo == null) {

return;

}

if (mSendViewStateChangedAccessibilityEvent == null) {

// 本质上是一个Runnable，意味着这里的流程会进入异步处理

mSendViewStateChangedAccessibilityEvent =

new SendViewStateChangedAccessibilityEvent();

}

mSendViewStateChangedAccessibilityEvent.runOrPost(changeType);

}

private class SendViewStateChangedAccessibilityEvent implements Runnable {

...

@Override

public void run() {

mPosted = false;

mPostedWithDelay = false;

mLastEventTimeMillis = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();

if (AccessibilityManager.getInstance(mContext).isEnabled()) {

final AccessibilityEvent event = AccessibilityEvent.obtain();

event.setEventType(AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_WINDOW_CONTENT_CHANGED);

event.setContentChangeTypes(mChangeTypes);

// 最终TYPE_WINDOW_CONTENT_CHANGED事件在这里异步发送

sendAccessibilityEventUnchecked(event);

}

mChangeTypes = 0;

}

...

}

public void sendAccessibilityEventUnchecked(AccessibilityEvent event) {

if (mAccessibilityDelegate != null) {

mAccessibilityDelegate.sendAccessibilityEventUnchecked(this, event);

} else {

sendAccessibilityEventUncheckedInternal(event);

}

}

public void sendAccessibilityEventUnchecked(View host, AccessibilityEvent event) {

host.sendAccessibilityEventUncheckedInternal(event);

}

public void sendAccessibilityEventUncheckedInternal(AccessibilityEvent event) {

if (!isShown()) {

return;

}

...

// 此处交由TextView所在父View进行处理，为责任链模式，事件经过层层向上传递，最终交由ViewRootImpl进行处理

ViewParent parent = getParent();

if (parent != null) {

getParent().requestSendAccessibilityEvent(this, event);

}

}

ViewRootImpl.requestSendAccessibilityEvent

ViewRootImpl将事件派发到system_server

frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/ViewRootImpl.java

@Override

public boolean requestSendAccessibilityEvent(View child, AccessibilityEvent event) {

...

// 本地调用到AccessibilityManager进行事件发送

mAccessibilityManager.sendAccessibilityEvent(event);

return true;

}

frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/accessibility/AccessibilityManager.java

public void sendAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event) {

final IAccessibilityManager service;

final int userId;

synchronized (mLock) {

// 获取system_server的Accessibility实名服务

service = getServiceLocked();

...

}

try {

...

long identityToken = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();

// binder call 到服务端，进行事件分发中转

doRecycle = service.sendAccessibilityEvent(event, userId);

Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(identityToken);

...

} catch (RemoteException re) {

Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Error during sending " + event + " ", re);

} finally {

...

}

}

AccessibilityManagerService.sendAccessibilityEvent

system_server将事件分发到各个监听组件变化的Service

frameworks/base/services/accessibility/java/com/android/server/accessibility/AccessibilityManagerService.java

// binder call 到服务端，触发事件派发

@Override

public boolean sendAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event, int userId) {

synchronized (mLock) {

...

if (mSecurityPolicy.canDispatchAccessibilityEventLocked(event)) {

...

notifyAccessibilityServicesDelayedLocked(event, false);

notifyAccessibilityServicesDelayedLocked(event, true);

}

...

}

return (OWN_PROCESS_ID != Binder.getCallingPid());

}

private void notifyAccessibilityServicesDelayedLocked(AccessibilityEvent event,

boolean isDefault) {

try {

UserState state = getCurrentUserStateLocked();

for (int i = 0, count = state.mBoundServices.size(); i < count; i++) {

Service service = state.mBoundServices.get(i);

if (service.mIsDefault == isDefault) {

if (canDispatchEventToServiceLocked(service, event)) {

// 调用内部服务，以触发事件派发

service.notifyAccessibilityEvent(event);

}

}

}

} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException oobe) {

...

}

}

class Service extends IAccessibilityServiceConnection.Stub

implements ServiceConnection, DeathRecipient {

public void notifyAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event) {

synchronized (mLock) {

...

if ((mNotificationTimeout > 0)

&& (eventType != AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_WINDOW_CONTENT_CHANGED)) {

...

// 按照惯例，异步分发到客户端进行派发

message = mEventDispatchHandler.obtainMessage(eventType);

} else {

message = mEventDispatchHandler.obtainMessage(eventType, newEvent);

}

mEventDispatchHandler.sendMessageDelayed(message, mNotificationTimeout);

}

}

}

public Handler mEventDispatchHandler = new Handler(mMainHandler.getLooper()) {

@Override

public void handleMessage(Message message) {

final int eventType = message.what;

AccessibilityEvent event = (AccessibilityEvent) message.obj;

notifyAccessibilityEventInternal(eventType, event);

}

};

private void notifyAccessibilityEventInternal(int eventType, AccessibilityEvent event) {

IAccessibilityServiceClient listener;

...

// mServiceInterface是通过bind客户端的AccessibilityService，在onServiceConnected连接成功后，获取到binder proxy转化来的，以这种方式实现了system_server与客户端的通信

listener = mServiceInterface;

...

try {

listener.onAccessibilityEvent(event);

if (DEBUG) {

Slog.i(LOG_TAG, "Event " + event + " sent to " + listener);

}

} catch (RemoteException re) {

Slog.e(LOG_TAG, "Error during sending " + event + " to " + listener, re);

} finally {

event.recycle();

}

}

AccessibilityService.onAccessibilityEvent

APP接收到组件变化的事件，并可以选择做出相应的处理

frameworks/base/core/java/android/accessibilityservice/AccessibilityService.java

// 抽象方法，模板模式，被系统主动调用

public abstract void onAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event);

// 该service是被system_server主动绑定的，获取到IAccessibilityServiceClientWrapper的proxy来实现系统的主动调用

@Override

public final IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {

return new IAccessibilityServiceClientWrapper(this, getMainLooper(), new Callbacks() {

...

@Override

public void onAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event) {

AccessibilityService.this.onAccessibilityEvent(event);

}

...

}

}

// 收到binder调用后，使用handler异步进行事件的处理

public void onAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event) {

Message message = mCaller.obtainMessageO(DO_ON_ACCESSIBILITY_EVENT, event);

mCaller.sendMessage(message);

}

@Override

public void executeMessage(Message message) {

switch (message.what) {

case DO_ON_ACCESSIBILITY_EVENT: {

AccessibilityEvent event = (AccessibilityEvent) message.obj;

if (event != null) {

AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance().onAccessibilityEvent(event);

// 通过回调调用以触发事件

mCallback.onAccessibilityEvent(event);

...

}

} return;

}

}

getRootInActiveWindow 父节点获取流程

在调用findAccessibilityNodeInfosByText之前，需要通过getRootInActiveWindow方法获取到父节点，才能通过调用父AccessibilityNodeInfo的方法进行其子节点信息查询

AccessibilityService.getRootInActiveWindow

frameworks/base/core/java/android/accessibilityservice/AccessibilityService.java

public AccessibilityNodeInfo getRootInActiveWindow() {

// 查找父节点的操作没有在自己的类中实现，而是交由了同一进程的Client管理类进行处理

return AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance().getRootInActiveWindow(mConnectionId);

}

frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/accessibility/AccessibilityInteractionClient.java

public AccessibilityNodeInfo getRootInActiveWindow(int connectionId) {

return findAccessibilityNodeInfoByAccessibilityId(connectionId,

AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTIVE_WINDOW_ID, AccessibilityNodeInfo.ROOT_NODE_ID,

false, AccessibilityNodeInfo.FLAG_PREFETCH_DESCENDANTS);

}

public AccessibilityNodeInfo findAccessibilityNodeInfoByAccessibilityId(int connectionId,

int accessibilityWindowId, long accessibilityNodeId, boolean bypassCache,

int prefetchFlags) {

...

// 尝试binder call到system_server，请求中转到其它APP进程中查询父节点信息，注意的是这里AccessibilityInteractionClient本身是个binder服务端，把this传到system_server后，其它进程可以通过这个引用拿到binder proxy，以实现通信

final boolean success = connection.findAccessibilityNodeInfoByAccessibilityId(

accessibilityWindowId, accessibilityNodeId, interactionId, this,

prefetchFlags, Thread.currentThread().getId());

Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(identityToken);

// If the scale is zero the call has failed.

if (success) {

// 调用成功后，这里会尝试同步获取结果

List infos = getFindAccessibilityNodeInfosResultAndClear(

interactionId);

finalizeAndCacheAccessibilityNodeInfos(infos, connectionId);

if (infos != null && !infos.isEmpty()) {

return infos.get(0);

}

}

...

}

Service.findAccessibilityNodeInfoByAccessibilityId

注意一下，这里的Service不是Android中的四大组件的Service，取名叫AccessiblitManagerServiceInternal其实更合适

frameworks/base/services/accessibility/java/com/android/server/accessibility/AccessibilityManagerService.java

@Override

public boolean findAccessibilityNodeInfoByAccessibilityId(

int accessibilityWindowId, long accessibilityNodeId, int interactionId,

IAccessibilityInteractionConnectionCallback callback, int flags,

long interrogatingTid) throws RemoteException {

...

// 获取到其他APP的节点获取服务

IAccessibilityInteractionConnection connection = null;

...

resolvedWindowId = resolveAccessibilityWindowIdLocked(accessibilityWindowId);

...

if (!permissionGranted) {

return false;

} else {

connection = getConnectionLocked(resolvedWindowId);

if (connection == null) {

return false;

}

}

...

// 这里的callback为之前应用的服务proxy句柄，将它传入是为了之后的信息通信不再需要经过system_server中转，而是直接可以APP对APP的进行通信

connection.findAccessibilityNodeInfoByAccessibilityId(accessibilityNodeId,

partialInteractiveRegion, interactionId, callback, mFetchFlags | flags,

interrogatingPid, interrogatingTid, spec);

...

}

AccessibilityInteractionConnection.findAccessibilityNodeInfoByAccessibilityId

这里调用到了APP端，其实同onAccessibilityEvent调用流程一样，是APP->SYSTEM->APP的调用顺序

frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/ViewRootImpl.java

@Override

public void findAccessibilityNodeInfoByAccessibilityId(long accessibilityNodeId,

Region interactiveRegion, int interactionId,

IAccessibilityInteractionConnectionCallback callback, int flags,

int interrogatingPid, long interrogatingTid, MagnificationSpec spec) {

ViewRootImpl viewRootImpl = mViewRootImpl.get();

if (viewRootImpl != null && viewRootImpl.mView != null) {

// 这里也只是委托给控制类进行细节操作的处理

viewRootImpl.getAccessibilityInteractionController()

.findAccessibilityNodeInfoByAccessibilityIdClientThread(accessibilityNodeId,

interactiveRegion, interactionId, callback, flags, interrogatingPid,

interrogatingTid, spec);

} else {

...

}

}

frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/AccessibilityInteractionController.java

private void findAccessibilityNodeInfoByAccessibilityIdUiThread(Message message) {

...

// 初始化将会返回的节点

List infos = mTempAccessibilityNodeInfoList;

infos.clear();

try {

if (mViewRootImpl.mView == null || mViewRootImpl.mAttachInfo == null) {

return;

}

mViewRootImpl.mAttachInfo.mAccessibilityFetchFlags = flags;

View root = null;

if (accessibilityViewId == AccessibilityNodeInfo.UNDEFINED_ITEM_ID) {

root = mViewRootImpl.mView;

} else {

root = findViewByAccessibilityId(accessibilityViewId);

}

...

} finally {

try {

...

adjustIsVisibleToUserIfNeeded(infos, interactiveRegion);

// 通过callback binder proxy句柄，将节点信息binder回应用

callback.setFindAccessibilityNodeInfosResult(infos, interactionId);

infos.clear();

} catch (RemoteException re) {

/* ignore - the other side will time out */

}

...

}

}

AccessibilityInteractionClient.setFindAccessibilityNodeInfosResult

frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/accessibility/AccessibilityInteractionClient.java

public void setFindAccessibilityNodeInfosResult(List infos,

int interactionId) {

synchronized (mInstanceLock) {

if (interactionId > mInteractionId) {

if (infos != null) {

...

// 设置应用的返回节点信息

if (!isIpcCall) {

mFindAccessibilityNodeInfosResult = new ArrayList<>(infos);

} else {

mFindAccessibilityNodeInfosResult = infos;

}

} else {

mFindAccessibilityNodeInfosResult = Collections.emptyList();

}

mInteractionId = interactionId;

}

// 释放锁，停止等待，节点信息已经取回

mInstanceLock.notifyAll();

}

}

findAccessibilityNodeInfosByText与performAction 对目标节点进行操作

AccessibilityNodeInfo.findAccessibilityNodeInfosByText

找到父节点信息后，就可以通过父节点获取对应的子节点信息了

frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/accessibility/AccessibilityNodeInfo.java

public List findAccessibilityNodeInfosByText(String text) {

...

// 一样的流程，通过AccessibilityInteractionClient去获取信息

AccessibilityInteractionClient client = AccessibilityInteractionClient.getInstance();

return client.findAccessibilityNodeInfosByText(mConnectionId, mWindowId, mSourceNodeId,

text);

}

```

以下的代码流程同getRootInActiveWindow大概一致，就不详细分析了

#### AccessibilityNodeInfo.performAction

获取到对应子节点后，通过performAction可以执行对应的操作了，如常用的点击

最终回调用到AccessibilityInteractionController,获取到AccessibilityProvier后就可以执行performAction的最终操作了

frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/AccessibilityInteractionController.java

```java

private void performAccessibilityActionUiThread(Message message) {

View target = null;

if (accessibilityViewId != AccessibilityNodeInfo.UNDEFINED_ITEM_ID) {

target = findViewByAccessibilityId(accessibilityViewId);

} else {

target = mViewRootImpl.mView;

}

if (target != null && isShown(target)) {

AccessibilityNodeProvider provider = target.getAccessibilityNodeProvider();

if (provider != null) {

if (virtualDescendantId != AccessibilityNodeInfo.UNDEFINED_ITEM_ID) {

// 在客户端执行performAction操作

succeeded = provider.performAction(virtualDescendantId, action,

arguments);

} else {

succeeded = provider.performAction(AccessibilityNodeProvider.HOST_VIEW_ID,

action, arguments);

}

} else if (virtualDescendantId == AccessibilityNodeInfo.UNDEFINED_ITEM_ID) {

succeeded = target.performAccessibilityAction(action, arguments);

}

}

}

frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/View.java

public boolean performAccessibilityActionInternal(int action, Bundle arguments) {

...

switch (action) {

case AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_CLICK: {

if (isClickable()) {

// 最终调用到我们熟悉的View.performClick方法

performClick();

return true;

}

} break;

...

}

分析到这里可以看到，Accessibility服务框架类似于hook在Android View组件树中的一套实现，它并不是独立的一套机制，而是”寄生”在View的显示、事件分发的流程中。

总结

功能实现依赖于ViewRootImpl, ViewGroup, View视图层级管理的基本架构。在视图变化时发出事件、当收到视图操作请求时也能够作出响应。

system_server在实现该功能的过程中扮演着中间人的角色。当被监听APP视图变化时，APP首先会发出事件到system_server，随后再中转到监听者APP端。当监听者APP想要执行视图操作时，也是首先在system_server中找到对应的客户端binder proxy，再调用相应接口调用到被监听APP中。完成相关操作后，通过已经获取到的监听APP binder proxy句柄，直接binder call到对应的监听客户端。

无障碍权限十分重要，切记不可滥用，APP自身也需要有足够的安全意识，防止恶意应用通过该服务获取用户隐私信息

好了，以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，如果有疑问大家可以留言交流，谢谢大家对的支持。