python class instance_对于Python中类和实例变量的理解（class and Instance variables）

class Dog:

kind = 'canine'

def __init__(self, name):

self.name = name

d = Dog('Fibo')

e = Dog("Katy")

if __name__ == '__main__':

print(d.kind)

print(e.kind)

print(d.name)

print(e.name)

#输出结果为

canine

canine

Fibo

Katy

class Dog:

kind = 'cnaine'

tricks = []

def __init__(self, name):

self.name = name

def add_tricks(self, trick):

self.tricks.append(trick)

if __name__ =='__main__':

d = Dog('Polo')

e = Dog('Katy')

print(d.add_tricks("Play soccer"))

print(e.add_tricks("Play basketball"))

print(d.tricks)

#输出结果

None

None

['Play soccer', 'Play basketball']

#对于上述None，因为add_tricks返回的值为None.以及tricks列表是一个全局列表。

#实例二

class Dog:

kind = 'cnaine'

def __init__(self, name):

self.tricks = []

self.name = name

def add_tricks(self, trick):

self.tricks.append(trick)

if __name__ =='__main__':

d = Dog('Polo')

e = Dog('Katy')

print(d.add_tricks("Play soccer"))

print(e.add_tricks("Play basketball"))

print(d.tricks)

#输出结果

None

None

['Play soccer']

['Play basketball']