1.概述
AsyncTask是一个轻量级的异步任务类,通常用于后台执行异步任务,并提供任务进度以便主线程更新ui的场景,AsyncTask内部维护了一个handler和两个线程池,handler用于主线程与线程池的切换,两个线程池分别用于任务排队和任务最终执行。
2.源码分析(api 28)
execute
AsyncTask开始执行任务是调用execute方法,所以我们从这个方法开始探究。
@MainThread
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params{
return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
}
@MainThread
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
Params... params) {
if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
switch (mStatus) {
case RUNNING:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task is already running.");
case FINISHED:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task has already been executed "
+ "(a task can be executed only once)");
}
}
mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
onPreExecute();
mWorker.mParams = params;
exec.execute(mFuture);
return this;
}
我们看到execute实际上调用了executeOnExecutor方法,细心的同学会发这两个方法都注释着@MainThread,猜想此方法只能在主线程中调用,实际上确实是这样的,我们接下来会在源码中找到答案。继续看executeOnExecutor,首先会判断mStatus的状态,然后调用 onPreExecute() 方法做初始化工作,紧接着把我们的参数赋值给mWorker.mParams,最后执行sDefaultExecutor.execute()。大致流程就是这样,接下来我们要带着疑问继续探究sDefaultExecutor和mWorker。
我们找到mWorker初始化的构造方法:
private final WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> mWorker;
private final FutureTask<Result> mFuture;
/**
* Creates a new asynchronous task. This constructor must be invoked on the UI thread.
*
* @hide
*/
public AsyncTask(@Nullable Looper callbackLooper) {
mHandler = callbackLooper == null || callbackLooper == Looper.getMainLooper()
? getMainHandler()
: new Handler(callbackLooper);
mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
public Result call() throws Exception {
mTaskInvoked.set(true);
Result result = null;
try {
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
//noinspection unchecked
result = doInBackground(mParams);
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
} catch (Throwable tr) {
mCancelled.set(true);
throw tr;
} finally {
postResult(result);
}
return result;
}
};
mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
e.getCause());
} catch (CancellationException e) {
postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
}
}
};
}
private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> {
Params[] mParams;
}
AsyncTask源码中有三个构造方法,最终都会调用到上面这个方法,我们看里面都做了什么,创建一个Callable类型的mWorker,然后把mWorker作为参数创建一个FutureTask类型的mFuture。没错流程就是这么简单,至于mWorker的run和mFuture的done我们暂时先不管,下面调用到的时候再具体分析。
接下来再看sDefaultExecutor是个何方神圣。
private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();
private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
Runnable mActive;
public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
r.run();
} finally {
scheduleNext();
}
}
});
if (mActive == null) {
scheduleNext();
}
}
protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
}
}
}
sDefaultExecutor实际上是一个串行的线程池,mTasks是一个双向队列,可以看到execute被锁修饰,FutureTask会被一个接一个添加到mTasks中说明AsyncTask确实默认是串行执行,接着如果没有正在活动的task任务,即mActive==null,就执行THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive),当这个任务执行完毕后,就会取出下一个任务继续执行,知道任务全部执行。
我们再看THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive)这个方法,mActive就是我们传进来的mFuture,所以会调用mFuture.run()
public void run() {
try {
Callable<V> c = callable;
if (c != null && state == NEW) {
V result;
boolean ran;
try {
result = c.call();
ran = true;
} catch (Throwable ex) {
result = null;
ran = false;
setException(ex);
}
if (ran)
set(result);
}
} finally {
}
}
result = c.call();这段代码又会调用mWorker.call()方法,所以我们最终执行了AsyncTask中mWorker的call()方法。由于futureTask的run方法是在线程池中执行的,所以mWorker的call方法也是在线程池中执行。思路已经捋清楚了,接下来就来看看具体怎么实现吧。
mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
public Result call() throws Exception {
mTaskInvoked.set(true);
Result result = null;
try {
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
//noinspection unchecked
result = doInBackground(mParams);
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
} catch (Throwable tr) {
mCancelled.set(true);
throw tr;
} finally {
postResult(result);
}
return result;
}
};
首先会设置线程优先级,然后执行doInBackground(),是不是很熟悉,就是我们处理异步逻辑的地方,现在终于知道他是在线程池中执行的,最后调用了postResult(result)方法将任务结果发送出去。
private Result postResult(Result result) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
message.sendToTarget();
return result;
}
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
public InternalHandler(Looper looper) {
super(looper);
}
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
switch (msg.what) {
case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
// There is only one result
result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
break;
case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
break;
}
}
}
将AsyncTask和执行结果result封装成标识为MESSAGE_POST_RESULT的Message通过InternalHandler发送到主线程。接着我们看finish()方法
private void finish(Result result) {
if (isCancelled()) {
onCancelled(result);
} else {
onPostExecute(result);
}
mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
}
在没有取消任务的情况下最终会调用到onPostExecute(),到这里AsyncTask的整个流程就分析完毕了,但仔细一想,我们好像还差一个**onProgressUpdate()**方法没看到,是的,由于我们没有调用publishProgress(),所以就不会发送MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,也就不会执行result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData)方法。
@WorkerThread
protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) {
if (!isCancelled()) {
getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget();
}
}
总结
AsyncTask是由一个专门用来切换线程的handler和两个处理任务队列和任务执行的线程池构成的,且默认为串行执行,如果想并行执行,可以使用executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR)来处理。