极验滑动验证码
以上图片是最典型的要属于极验滑动认证了，极验官网：http://www.geetest.com/。
现在极验验证码已经更新到了 3.0 版本，截至 2017 年 7 月全球已有十六万家企业正在使用极验，每天服务响应超过四亿次，广泛应用于直播视频、金融服务、电子商务、游戏娱乐、政府企业等各大类型网站
对于这类验证，如果我们直接模拟表单请求，繁琐的认证参数与认证流程会让你蛋碎一地，我们可以用selenium驱动浏览器来解决这个问题，大致分为以下几个步骤
- 输入用户名，密码
- 点击按钮验证，弹出没有缺口的图
- 获得没有缺口的图片
- 点击滑动按钮，弹出有缺口的图
- 获得有缺口的图片
- 对比两张图片，找出缺口，即滑动的位移
- 按照人的行为行为习惯，把总位移切成一段段小的位移
- 按照位移移动
- 完成登录
实现
位移移动需要的基础知识
位移移动相当于匀变速直线运动，类似于小汽车从起点开始运行到终点的过程（首先为匀加速，然后再匀减速）。
其中a为加速度，且为恒量（即单位时间内的加速度是不变的），t为时间
位移移动的代码实现
---------------------------------------------------------------
注：我这有个学习基地，里面有很多学习资料，感兴趣的+Q群：895817687
---------------------------------------------------------------
def
get_track
(
distance
):
'''
拿到移动轨迹，模仿人的滑动行为，先匀加速后匀减速
匀变速运动基本公式：
①v=v0+at
②s=v0t+(1/2)at²
③v²-v0²=2as
:param distance: 需要移动的距离
:return: 存放每0.2秒移动的距离
'''
# 初速度
v
=
0
# 单位时间为0.2s来统计轨迹，轨迹即0.2内的位移
t
=
0.1
# 位移/轨迹列表，列表内的一个元素代表0.2s的位移
tracks
=[]
# 当前的位移
current
=
0
# 到达mid值开始减速
mid
=
distance
*
4
/
5
distance
+=
10
# 先滑过一点，最后再反着滑动回来
while
current
<
distance
:
if
current
<
mid
:
# 加速度越小，单位时间的位移越小,模拟的轨迹就越多越详细
a
=
2
# 加速运动
else
:
a
=
-
3
# 减速运动
# 初速度
v0
=
v
# 0.2秒时间内的位移
s
=
v0
*
t
+
0.5
*
a
*(
t
**
2
)
# 当前的位置
current
+=
s
# 添加到轨迹列表
tracks
.
append
(
round
(
s
))
# 速度已经达到v,该速度作为下次的初速度
v
=
v0
+
a
*
t
# 反着滑动到大概准确位置
for
i
in
range
(
3
):
tracks
.
append
(-
2
)
for
i
in
range
(
4
):
tracks
.
append
(-
1
)
return
tracks
对比两张图片，找出缺口
def
get_distance
(
image1
,
image2
):
'''
拿到滑动验证码需要移动的距离
:param image1:没有缺口的图片对象
:param image2:带缺口的图片对象
:return:需要移动的距离
'''
# print('size', image1.size)
threshold
=
50
for
i
in
range
(
0
,
image1
.
size
[
0
]):
# 260
for
j
in
range
(
0
,
image1
.
size
[
1
]):
# 160
pixel1
=
image1
.
getpixel
((
i
,
j
))
pixel2
=
image2
.
getpixel
((
i
,
j
))
res_R
=
abs
(
pixel1
[
0
]-
pixel2
[
0
])
# 计算RGB差
res_G
=
abs
(
pixel1
[
1
]
-
pixel2
[
1
])
# 计算RGB差
res_B
=
abs
(
pixel1
[
2
]
-
pixel2
[
2
])
# 计算RGB差
if
res_R
>
threshold
and
res_G
>
threshold
and
res_B
>
threshold
:
return
i
# 需要移动的距离
获得图片
def
merge_image
(
image_file
,
location_list
):
"""
拼接图片
:param image_file:
:param location_list:
:return:
"""
im
=
Image
.
open
(
image_file
)
im
.
save
(
'code.jpg'
)
new_im
=
Image
.
new
(
'RGB'
,(
260
,
116
))
# 把无序的图片 切成52张小图片
im_list_upper
=
[]
im_list_down
=
[]
# print(location_list)
for
location
in
location_list
:
# print(location['y'])
if
location
[
'y'
]
==
-
58
:
# 上半边
im_list_upper
.
append
(
im
.
crop
((
abs
(
location
[
'x'
]),
58
,
abs
(
location
[
'x'
])+
10
,
116
)))
if
location
[
'y'
]
==
0
:
# 下半边
im_list_down
.
append
(
im
.
crop
((
abs
(
location
[
'x'
]),
0
,
abs
(
location
[
'x'
])+
10
,
58
)))
x_offset
=
0
for
im
in
im_list_upper
:
new_im
.
paste
(
im
,(
x_offset
,
0
))
# 把小图片放到 新的空白图片上
x_offset
+=
im
.
size
[
0
]
x_offset
=
0
for
im
in
im_list_down
:
new_im
.
paste
(
im
,(
x_offset
,
58
))
x_offset
+=
im
.
size
[
0
]
new_im
.
show
()
return
new_im
def
get_image
(
driver
,
div_path
):
'''
下载无序的图片 然后进行拼接 获得完整的图片
:param driver:
:param div_path:
:return:
'''
time
.
sleep
(
2
)
background_images
=
driver
.
find_elements_by_xpath
(
div_path
)
location_list
=
[]
for
background_image
in
background_images
:
location
=
{}
result
=
re
.
findall
(
'background-image: url\("(.*?)"\); background-position: (.*?)px (.*?)px;'
,
background_image
.
get_attribute
(
'style'
))
# print(result)
location
[
'x'
]
=
int
(
result
[
0
][
1
])
location
[
'y'
]
=
int
(
result
[
0
][
2
])
image_url
=
result
[
0
][
0
]
location_list
.
append
(
location
)
print
(
'=================================='
)
image_url
=
image_url
.
replace
(
'webp'
,
'jpg'
)
# '替换url http://static.geetest.com/pictures/gt/579066de6/579066de6.webp'
image_result
=
requests
.
get
(
image_url
).
content
# with open('1.jpg','wb') as f:
# f.write(image_result)
image_file
=
BytesIO
(
image_result
)
# 是一张无序的图片
image
=
merge_image
(
image_file
,
location_list
)
return
image
按照位移移动
print
(
'第一步,点击滑动按钮'
)
ActionChains
(
driver
).
click_and_hold
(
on_element
=
element
).
perform
()
# 点击鼠标左键，按住不放
time
.
sleep
(
1
)
print
(
'第二步,拖动元素'
)
for
track
in
track_list
:
ActionChains
(
driver
).
move_by_offset
(
xoffset
=
track
,
yoffset
=
0
).
perform
()
# 鼠标移动到距离当前位置（x,y）
if
l
<
100
:
ActionChains
(
driver
).
move_by_offset
(
xoffset
=-
2
,
yoffset
=
0
).
perform
()
else
:
ActionChains
(
driver
).
move_by_offset
(
xoffset
=-
5
,
yoffset
=
0
).
perform
()
time
.
sleep
(
1
)
print
(
'第三步,释放鼠标'
)
ActionChains
(
driver
).
release
(
on_element
=
element
).
perform
()
详细代码
---------------------------------------------------------------
注：我这有个学习基地，里面有很多学习资料，感兴趣的+Q群：895817687
---------------------------------------------------------------
from
selenium
import
webdriver
from
selenium
.
webdriver
.
support
.
ui
import
WebDriverWait
# 等待元素加载的
from
selenium
.
webdriver
.
common
.
action_chains
import
ActionChains
#拖拽
from
selenium
.
webdriver
.
support
import
expected_conditions
as
EC
from
selenium
.
common
.
exceptions
import
TimeoutException
,
NoSuchElementException
from
selenium
.
webdriver
.
common
.
by
import
By
from
PIL
import
Image
import
requests
import
time
import
re
import
random
from
io
import
BytesIO
def
merge_image
(
image_file
,
location_list
):
"""
拼接图片
:param image_file:
:param location_list:
:return:
"""
im
=
Image
.
open
(
image_file
)
im
.
save
(
'code.jpg'
)
new_im
=
Image
.
new
(
'RGB'
,(
260
,
116
))
# 把无序的图片 切成52张小图片
im_list_upper
=
[]
im_list_down
=
[]
# print(location_list)
for
location
in
location_list
:
# print(location['y'])
if
location
[
'y'
]
==
-
58
:
# 上半边
im_list_upper
.
append
(
im
.
crop
((
abs
(
location
[
'x'
]),
58
,
abs
(
location
[
'x'
])+
10
,
116
)))
if
location
[
'y'
]
==
0
:
# 下半边
im_list_down
.
append
(
im
.
crop
((
abs
(
location
[
'x'
]),
0
,
abs
(
location
[
'x'
])+
10
,
58
)))
x_offset
=
0
for
im
in
im_list_upper
:
new_im
.
paste
(
im
,(
x_offset
,
0
))
# 把小图片放到 新的空白图片上
x_offset
+=
im
.
size
[
0
]
x_offset
=
0
for
im
in
im_list_down
:
new_im
.
paste
(
im
,(
x_offset
,
58
))
x_offset
+=
im
.
size
[
0
]
new_im
.
show
()
return
new_im
def
get_image
(
driver
,
div_path
):
'''
下载无序的图片 然后进行拼接 获得完整的图片
:param driver:
:param div_path:
:return:
'''
time
.
sleep
(
2
)
background_images
=
driver
.
find_elements_by_xpath
(
div_path
)
location_list
=
[]
for
background_image
in
background_images
:
location
=
{}
result
=
re
.
findall
(
'background-image: url\("(.*?)"\); background-position: (.*?)px (.*?)px;'
,
background_image
.
get_attribute
(
'style'
))
# print(result)
location
[
'x'
]
=
int
(
result
[
0
][
1
])
location
[
'y'
]
=
int
(
result
[
0
][
2
])
image_url
=
result
[
0
][
0
]
location_list
.
append
(
location
)
print
(
'=================================='
)
image_url
=
image_url
.
replace
(
'webp'
,
'jpg'
)
# '替换url http://static.geetest.com/pictures/gt/579066de6/579066de6.webp'
image_result
=
requests
.
get
(
image_url
).
content
# with open('1.jpg','wb') as f:
# f.write(image_result)
image_file
=
BytesIO
(
image_result
)
# 是一张无序的图片
image
=
merge_image
(
image_file
,
location_list
)
return
image
def
get_track
(
distance
):
'''
拿到移动轨迹，模仿人的滑动行为，先匀加速后匀减速
匀变速运动基本公式：
①v=v0+at
②s=v0t+(1/2)at²
③v²-v0²=2as
:param distance: 需要移动的距离
:return: 存放每0.2秒移动的距离
'''
# 初速度
v
=
0
# 单位时间为0.2s来统计轨迹，轨迹即0.2内的位移
t
=
0.2
# 位移/轨迹列表，列表内的一个元素代表0.2s的位移
tracks
=[]
# 当前的位移
current
=
0
# 到达mid值开始减速
mid
=
distance
*
7
/
8
distance
+=
10
# 先滑过一点，最后再反着滑动回来
# a = random.randint(1,3)
while
current
<
distance
:
if
current
<
mid
:
# 加速度越小，单位时间的位移越小,模拟的轨迹就越多越详细
a
=
random
.
randint
(
2
,
4
)
# 加速运动
else
:
a
=
-
random
.
randint
(
3
,
5
)
# 减速运动
# 初速度
v0
=
v
# 0.2秒时间内的位移
s
=
v0
*
t
+
0.5
*
a
*(
t
**
2
)
# 当前的位置
current
+=
s
# 添加到轨迹列表
tracks
.
append
(
round
(
s
))
# 速度已经达到v,该速度作为下次的初速度
v
=
v0
+
a
*
t
# 反着滑动到大概准确位置
for
i
in
range
(
4
):
tracks
.
append
(-
random
.
randint
(
2
,
3
))
for
i
in
range
(
4
):
tracks
.
append
(-
random
.
randint
(
1
,
3
))
return
tracks
def
get_distance
(
image1
,
image2
):
'''
拿到滑动验证码需要移动的距离
:param image1:没有缺口的图片对象
:param image2:带缺口的图片对象
:return:需要移动的距离
'''
# print('size', image1.size)
threshold
=
50
for
i
in
range
(
0
,
image1
.
size
[
0
]):
# 260
for
j
in
range
(
0
,
image1
.
size
[
1
]):
# 160
pixel1
=
image1
.
getpixel
((
i
,
j
))
pixel2
=
image2
.
getpixel
((
i
,
j
))
res_R
=
abs
(
pixel1
[
0
]-
pixel2
[
0
])
# 计算RGB差
res_G
=
abs
(
pixel1
[
1
]
-
pixel2
[
1
])
# 计算RGB差
res_B
=
abs
(
pixel1
[
2
]
-
pixel2
[
2
])
# 计算RGB差
if
res_R
>
threshold
and
res_G
>
threshold
and
res_B
>
threshold
:
return
i
# 需要移动的距离
def
main_check_code
(
driver
,
element
):
"""
拖动识别验证码
:param driver:
:param element:
:return:
"""
image1
=
get_image
(
driver
,
'//div[@class="gt_cut_bg gt_show"]/div'
)
image2
=
get_image
(
driver
,
'//div[@class="gt_cut_fullbg gt_show"]/div'
)
# 图片上 缺口的位置的x坐标
# 2 对比两张图片的所有RBG像素点，得到不一样像素点的x值，即要移动的距离
l
=
get_distance
(
image1
,
image2
)
print
(
'l='
,
l
)
# 3 获得移动轨迹
track_list
=
get_track
(
l
)
print
(
'第一步,点击滑动按钮'
)
ActionChains
(
driver
).
click_and_hold
(
on_element
=
element
).
perform
()
# 点击鼠标左键，按住不放
time
.
sleep
(
1
)
print
(
'第二步,拖动元素'
)
for
track
in
track_list
:
ActionChains
(
driver
).
move_by_offset
(
xoffset
=
track
,
yoffset
=
0
).
perform
()
# 鼠标移动到距离当前位置（x,y）
time
.
sleep
(
0.002
)
# if l>100:
ActionChains
(
driver
).
move_by_offset
(
xoffset
=-
random
.
randint
(
2
,
5
),
yoffset
=
0
).
perform
()
time
.
sleep
(
1
)
print
(
'第三步,释放鼠标'
)
ActionChains
(
driver
).
release
(
on_element
=
element
).
perform
()
time
.
sleep
(
5
)
def
main_check_slider
(
driver
):
"""
检查滑动按钮是否加载
:param driver:
:return:
"""
while
True
:
try
:
driver
.
get
(
'http://www.cnbaowen.net/api/geetest/'
)
element
=
WebDriverWait
(
driver
,
30
,
0.5
).
until
(
EC
.
element_to_be_clickable
((
By
.
CLASS_NAME
,
'gt_slider_knob'
)))
if
element
:
return
element
except
TimeoutException
as
e
:
print
(
'超时错误，继续'
)
time
.
sleep
(
5
)
if
__name__
==
'__main__'
:
try
:
count
=
6
# 最多识别6次
driver
=
webdriver
.
Chrome
()
# 等待滑动按钮加载完成
element
=
main_check_slider
(
driver
)
while
count
>
0
:
main_check_code
(
driver
,
element
)
time
.
sleep
(
2
)
try
:
success_element
=
(
By
.
CSS_SELECTOR
,
'.gt_holder .gt_ajax_tip.gt_success'
)
# 得到成功标志
print
(
'suc='
,
driver
.
find_element_by_css_selector
(
'.gt_holder .gt_ajax_tip.gt_success'
))
success_images
=
WebDriverWait
(
driver
,
20
).
until
(
EC
.
presence_of_element_located
(
success_element
))
if
success_images
:
print
(
'成功识别！！！！！！'
)
count
=
0
break
except
NoSuchElementException
as
e
:
print
(
'识别错误，继续'
)
count
-=
1
time
.
sleep
(
2
)
else
:
print
(
'too many attempt check code '
)
exit
(
'退出程序'
)
finally
:
driver
.
close
()
成功识别标志css
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