php中使用json做api,php语言中使用json的技巧及json的实现代码详解

目前，JSON已经成为最流行的数据交换格式之一，各大网站的API几乎都支持它。

我写过一篇《数据类型和JSON格式》，探讨它的设计思想。今天，我想总结一下PHP语言对它的支持，这是开发互联网应用程序(特别是编写API)必须了解的知识。

从5.2版本开始，PHP原生提供json_encode()和json_decode()函数，前者用于编码，后者用于解码。

一、json_encode()

该函数主要用来将数组和对象，转换为json格式。先看一个数组转换的例子：

$arr = array ('a'=>1,'b'=>2,'c'=>3,'d'=>4,'e'=>5);

echo json_encode($arr);

结果为

{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5}

再看一个对象转换的例子：

$obj->body = 'another post';

$obj->id = 21;

$obj->approved = true;

$obj->favorite_count = 1;

$obj->status = NULL;

echo json_encode($obj);

结果为

{

"body":"another post",

"id":21,

"approved":true,

"favorite_count":1,

"status":null

}

由于json只接受utf-8编码的字符，所以json_encode()的参数必须是utf-8编码，否则会得到空字符或者null。当中文使用GB2312编码，或者外文使用ISO-8859-1编码的时候，这一点要特别注意。

二、索引数组和关联数组

PHP支持两种数组，一种是只保存"值"(value)的索引数组(indexed array)，另一种是保存"名值对"(name/value)的关联数组(associative array)。

由于javascript不支持关联数组，所以json_encode()只将索引数组(indexed array)转为数组格式，而将关联数组(associative array)转为对象格式。

比如，现在有一个索引数组

$arr = Array('one', 'two', 'three');

echo json_encode($arr);

结果为：

["one","two","three"]

如果将它改为关联数组：

$arr = Array('1'=>'one', '2'=>'two', '3'=>'three');

echo json_encode($arr);

结果就变了：

{"1":"one","2":"two","3":"three"}

注意，数据格式从"[]"(数组)变成了"{}"(对象)。

如果你需要将"索引数组"强制转化成"对象"，可以这样写

json_encode( (object)$arr );

或者

json_encode ( $arr, JSON_FORCE_OBJECT );

三、类(class)的转换

下面是一个PHP的类：

class Foo {

const ERROR_CODE = '404';

public $public_ex = 'this is public';

private $private_ex = 'this is private!';

protected $protected_ex = 'this should be protected';

public function getErrorCode() {

return self::ERROR_CODE;

}

}

现在，对这个类的实例进行json转换：

$foo = new Foo;

$foo_json = json_encode($foo);

echo $foo_json;

输出结果是

{"public_ex":"this is public"}

可以看到，除了公开变量(public)，其他东西(常量、私有变量、方法等等)都遗失了。

四、json_decode()

该函数用于将json文本转换为相应的PHP数据结构。下面是一个例子：

$json = '{"foo": 12345}';

$obj = json_decode($json);

print $obj->{'foo'}; // 12345

通常情况下，json_decode()总是返回一个PHP对象，而不是数组。比如：

$json = '{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5}';

var_dump(json_decode($json));

结果就是生成一个PHP对象：

object(stdClass)#1 (5) {

["a"] => int(1)

["b"] => int(2)

["c"] => int(3)

["d"] => int(4)

["e"] => int(5)

}

如果想要强制生成PHP关联数组，json_decode()需要加一个参数true：

$json = '{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5}';

var_dump(json_decode($json,true));

结果就生成了一个关联数组：

array(5) {

["a"] => int(1)

["b"] => int(2)

["c"] => int(3)

["d"] => int(4)

["e"] => int(5)

}

五、json_decode()的常见错误

下面三种json写法都是错的，你能看出错在哪里吗？

$bad_json = "{ 'bar': 'baz' }";

$bad_json = '{ bar: "baz" }';

$bad_json = '{ "bar": "baz", }';

对这三个字符串执行json_decode()都将返回null，并且报错。

第一个的错误是，json的分隔符(delimiter)只允许使用双引号，不能使用单引号。第二个的错误是，json名值对的"名"(冒号左边的部分)，任何情况下都必须使用双引号。第三个的错误是，最后一个值之后不能添加逗号(trailing comma)。

另外，json只能用来表示对象(object)和数组(array)，如果对一个字符串或数值使用json_decode()，将会返回null。

var_dump(json_decode("Hello World")); //null

下面给大家介绍哦php语言的json实现

由于开发一个ajax file manager for web开源项目,数据交换使用的json格式，后来发现在低版本的php上运行会有问题，仔细调试发现json_decode和json_encode无法正常工作，于是查阅资料，发现低版本的php没有实现这两个函数，为了兼容性，我只好自己实现一个php版的json编码解码代码，并保证和json2.js的一致，测试调试并通过，现在将其公布出来，供有相同需求的同学使用：

/* * ****************************************************************************

* $base: $

*

* $Author: $

* Berlin Qin

*

* $History: base.js $

* Berlin Qin // created

*

* $contacted

* webfmt@gmail.com

* www.webfmt.com

*

* *************************************************************************** */

/* ===========================================================================

* license

*

* 、Open Source Licenses

* webfmt is distributed under the GPL, LGPL and MPL open source licenses.

* This triple copyleft licensing model avoids incompatibility with other open source licenses.

* These Open Source licenses are specially indicated for:

* Integrating webfmt into Open Source software;

* Personal and educational use of webfmt;

* Integrating webfmt in commercial software,

* taking care of satisfying the Open Source licenses terms,

* while not able or interested on supporting webfmt and its development.

*

* 、Commercial License – fbis source Closed Distribution License - CDL

* For many companies and products, Open Source licenses are not an option.

* This is why the fbis source Closed Distribution License (CDL) has been introduced.

* It is a non-copyleft license which gives companies complete freedom

* when integrating webfmt into their products and web sites.

* This license offers a very flexible way to integrate webfmt in your commercial application.

* These are the main advantages it offers over an Open Source license:

* Modifications and enhancements doesn't need to be released under an Open Source license;

* There is no need to distribute any Open Source license terms alongside with your product

* and no reference to it have to be done;

* No references to webfmt have to be done in any file distributed with your product;

* The source code of webfmt doesn't have to be distributed alongside with your product;

* You can remove any file from webfmt when integrating it with your product.

* The CDL is a lifetime license valid for all releases of webfmt published during

* and before the year following its purchase.

* It's valid for webfmt releases also. It includes year of personal e-mail support.

*

* ************************************************************************************************************************************************* */

function jsonDecode($json)

{

$result = array();

try

{

if (PHP_VERSION_ID > )

{

$result = (array) json_decode($json);

}

else

{

$json = str_replace(array("\\\\", "\\\""), array("", ""), $json);

$parts = preg_split("@(\"[^\"]*\")|([\[\]\{\},:])|\s@is", $json, -, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY | PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);

foreach ($parts as $index => $part)

{

if (strlen($part) == )

{

switch ($part)

{

case "[":

case "{":

$parts[$index] = "array(";

break;

case "]":

case "}":

$parts[$index] = ")";

break;

case ":":

$parts[$index] = "=>";

break;

case ",":

break;

default:

break;

}

}

}

$json = str_replace(array("", "", "$"), array("\\\\", "\\\"", "\\$"), implode("", $parts));

$result = eval("return $json;");

}

}

catch (Exception $e)

{

$result = array("error" => $e->getCode());

}

return $result;

}

function valueTostr($val)

{

if (is_string($val))

{

$val = str_replace('\"', "\\\"", $val);

$val = str_replace("\\", "\\\\", $val);

$val = str_replace("/", "\\/", $val);

$val = str_replace("\t", "\\t", $val);

$val = str_replace("\n", "\\n", $val);

$val = str_replace("\r", "\\r", $val);

$val = str_replace("\b", "\\b", $val);

$val = str_replace("\f", "\\f", $val);

return '"' . $val . '"';

}

elseif (is_int($val))

return sprintf('%d', $val);

elseif (is_float($val))

return sprintf('%F', $val);

elseif (is_bool($val))

return ($val ? 'true' : 'false');

else

return 'null';

}

function jsonEncode($arr)

{

$result = "{}";

try

{

if (PHP_VERSION_ID > )

{

$result = json_encode($arr);

}

else

{

$parts = array();

$is_list = false;

if (!is_array($arr))

{

$arr = (array) $arr;

}

$end = count($arr) - ;

if (count($arr) > )

{

if (is_numeric(key($arr)))

{

$result = "[";

for ($i = ; $i < count($arr); $i++)

{

if (is_array($arr[$i]))

{

$result = $result . jsonEncode($arr[$i]);

}

else

{

$result = $result . valueTostr($arr[$i]);

}

if ($i != $end)

{

$result = $result . ",";

}

}

$result = $result . "]";

}

else

{

$result = "{";

$i = ;

foreach ($arr as $key => $value)

{

$result = $result . '"' . $key . '":';

if (is_array($value))

{

$result = $result . jsonEncode($value);

}

else

{

$result = $result . valueTostr($value);

}

if ($i != $end)

{

$result = $result . ",";

}

$i++;

}

$result = $result . "}";

}

}

else

{

$result = "[]";

}

}

}

catch (Exception $e)

{

}

return $result;

}

?>

如果使用过程有什么问题，可以给我email.欢迎大家指出错误！