ps命令的使用方法

查看所有 -e -A a
查看某一进程 -p
用户定义格式 -o

查看所有进程，按照自定义格式
ps -eo pid,tid,class,rtprio,ni,pri,psr,pcpu,stat,wchan:14,comm
ps axo stat,euid,ruid,tty,tpgid,sess,pgrp,ppid,pid,pcpu,comm
ps -Ao pid,tt,user,fname,tmout,f,wchan
查看某一进程，按照自定义格式
ps -p 2390 -o pcpu,cmd,pgrp

STANDARD FORMAT SPECIFIERS
Here are the different keywords that may be used to control the output format (e.g. with option -o) or to sort the selected processes with the GNU-style --sort option.
For example: ps -eo pid,user,args --sort user
Some keywords may not be available for sorting.

CODE        HEADER    DESCRIPTION

%cpu        %CPU      cpu utilization of the process in "##.#" format.

%mem        %MEM      ratio of the process's resident set size  to the physical memory on the machine, expressed as a  percentage.  (alias pmem).

cgroup      CGROUP    display control groups to which the process  belongs.

cmd         CMD       see args.  (alias args, command).

comm        COMMAND   command name (only the executable name).

command     COMMAND   See args.  (alias args, command).

cp          CP        per-mill (tenths of a percent) CPU usage.  (see  %cpu).

cputime     TIME      cumulative CPU time, "[DD-]hh:mm:ss" format. (alias time).

egid        EGID      effective group ID number of the process as a decimal integer.  (alias gid).

egroup      EGROUP    effective group ID of the process.  This will be 	 the textual group ID, (alias group).

eip         EIP       instruction pointer.

esp         ESP       stack pointer.

etime       ELAPSED   elapsed time since the process was started, in the form [[DD-]hh:]mm:ss.

etimes      ELAPSED   elapsed time since the process was started, in
				 seconds.

euid        EUID      effective user ID (alias uid).

euser       EUSER     effective user name.  This will be the textual
				 user ID, if it can be obtained and the field
				 width permits, or a decimal representation
				 otherwise.  The n option can be used to force the
				 decimal representation.  (alias uname, user).

f           F         flags associated with the process, see the
				 PROCESS FLAGS section.  (alias flag, flags).

fgid        FGID      filesystem access group ID.  (alias fsgid).

fgroup      FGROUP    filesystem access group ID.  This will be the
				 textual group ID, if it can be obtained and the
				 field width permits, or a decimal representation
				 otherwise.  (alias fsgroup).

flag        F         see f.  (alias f, flags).

flags       F         see f.  (alias f, flag).

fname       COMMAND   first 8 bytes of the base name of the process's
				 executable file.  The output in this column may
				 contain spaces.

fuid        FUID      filesystem access user ID.  (alias fsuid).

fuser       FUSER     filesystem access user ID.  This will be the
				 textual user ID, if it can be obtained and the
				 field width permits, or a decimal representation
				 otherwise.

gid         GID       see egid.  (alias egid).

group       GROUP     see egroup.  (alias egroup).

ignored     IGNORED   mask of the ignored signals, see signal(7).
				 According to the width of the field, a 32 or 64
				 bits mask in hexadecimal format is displayed.
				 (alias sig_ignore, sigignore).

ipcns       IPCNS     Unique inode number describing the namespace the
				 process belongs to. See namespaces(7).

label       LABEL     security label, most commonly used for SELinux
				 context data.  This is for the Mandatory Access
				 Control ("MAC") found on high-security systems.

lstart      STARTED   time the command started.  See also
				 bsdstart, start, start_time, and stime.

lsession    SESSION   displays login session identifier of a process.

lwp         LWP       light weight process (thread) ID of the
				 dispatchable entity (alias spid, tid).  See tid
				 for additional information.

machine     MACHINE   displays machine name for processes assigned to
				 VM or container.



maj_flt     MAJFLT    The number of major page faults that have
				 occurred with this process.

min_flt     MINFLT    The number of minor page faults that have
				 occurred with this process.

mntns       MNTNS     Unique inode number describing the namespace the
				 process belongs to. See namespaces(7).

netns       NETNS     Unique inode number describing the namespace the
				 process belongs to. See namespaces(7).

ni          NI        nice value. This ranges from 19 (nicest) to -20
				 (not nice to others), see nice(1).  (alias nice).

nice        NI        see ni.(alias ni).

nlwp        NLWP      number of lwps (threads) in the process.  (alias
				 thcount).

nwchan      WCHAN     address of the kernel function where the process
				 is sleeping (use wchan if you want the kernel
				 function name).  Running tasks will display a
				 dash ('-') in this column.

ouid        OWNER     displays the Unix user identifier of the owner of
				 the session of a process.

pcpu        %CPU      see %cpu.  (alias %cpu).

pending     PENDING   mask of the pending signals. See signal(7).
				 Signals pending on the process are distinct from
				 signals pending on individual threads.  Use the m
				 option or the -m option to see both.  According
				 to the width of the field, a 32 or 64 bits mask
				 in hexadecimal format is displayed.  (alias sig).

pgid        PGID      process group ID or, equivalently, the process ID
				 of the process group leader.  (alias pgrp).

pgrp        PGRP      see pgid.  (alias pgid).

pid         PID       a number representing the process ID (alias
				 tgid).

pidns       PIDNS     Unique inode number describing the namespace the
				 process belongs to. See namespaces(7).

pmem        %MEM      see %mem.  (alias %mem).

policy      POL       scheduling class of the process.  (alias
				 class, cls).  Possible values are:

						  -   not reported
						  TS  SCHED_OTHER
						  FF  SCHED_FIFO
						  RR  SCHED_RR
						  B   SCHED_BATCH
						  ISO SCHED_ISO
						  IDL SCHED_IDLE
						  ?   unknown value

ppid        PPID      parent process ID.

pri         PRI       priority of the process.  Higher number means
				 lower priority.

psr         PSR       processor that process is currently assigned to.


rgid        RGID      real group ID.

rgroup      RGROUP    real group name.  This will be the textual group
				 ID, if it can be obtained and the field width
				 permits, or a decimal representation otherwise.

rss         RSS       resident set size, the non-swapped physical
				 memory that a task has used (inkiloBytes).
				 (alias rssize, rsz).

rssize      RSS       see rss.  (alias rss, rsz).

rsz         RSZ       see rss.  (alias rss, rssize).

rtprio      RTPRIO    realtime priority.

ruid        RUID      real user ID.

ruser       RUSER     real user ID.  This will be the textual user ID,
				 if it can be obtained and the field width
				 permits, or a decimal representation otherwise.

s           S         minimal state display (one character).  See
				 section PROCESS STATE CODES for the different
				 values.  See also stat if you want additional
				 information displayed.  (alias state).

sched       SCH       scheduling policy of the process.  The policies
				 SCHED_OTHER (SCHED_NORMAL), SCHED_FIFO, SCHED_RR,
				 SCHED_BATCH, SCHED_ISO, and SCHED_IDLE are
				 respectively displayed as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

seat        SEAT      displays login session identifier of a process.

sess        SESS      session ID or, equivalently, the process ID of
				 the session leader.  (alias session, sid).

sgi_p       P         processor that the process is currently executing
				 on.  Displays "*" if the process is not currently
				 running or runnable.

sgid        SGID      saved group ID.  (alias svgid).

sgroup      SGROUP    saved group name.  This will be the textual group
				 ID, if it can be obtained and the field width
				 permits, or a decimal representation otherwise.

sid         SID       see sess.  (alias sess, session).

sig         PENDING   see pending.  (alias pending, sig_pend).

sigcatch    CAUGHT    see caught.  (alias caught, sig_catch).

sigignore   IGNORED   see ignored.  (alias ignored, sig_ignore).

sigmask     BLOCKED   see blocked.  (alias blocked, sig_block).

size        SIZE      approximate amount of swap space that would be
				 required if the process were to dirty all
				 writable pages and then be swapped out.  This
				 number is very rough!

slice       SLICE     displays slice unit which a process belongs to.

spid        SPID      see lwp.  (alias lwp, tid).



stackp      STACKP    address of the bottom (start) of stack for the
				 process.

start       STARTED   time the command started.  If the process was
				 started less than 24 hours ago, the output format
				 is "HH:MM:SS", else it is "  Mmm dd" (where Mmm
				 is a three-letter month name).  See also
				 lstart, bsdstart, start_time, and stime.

start_time  START     starting time or date of the process.  Only the
				 year will be displayed if the process was not
				 started the same year ps was invoked, or "MmmDD"
				 if it was not started the same day, or "HH:MM"
				 otherwise.  See also bsdstart, start, lstart,
				 and stime.

stat        STAT      multi-character process state.  See section
				 PROCESS STATE CODES for the different values
				 meaning.  See also s and state if you just want
				 the first character displayed.

state       S         see s. (alias s).

suid        SUID      saved user ID.  (alias svuid).

supgid      SUPGID    group ids of supplementary groups, if any.  See
				 getgroups(2).

supgrp      SUPGRP    group names of supplementary groups, if any.  See
				 getgroups(2).

suser       SUSER     saved user name.  This will be the textual user
				 ID, if it can be obtained and the field width
				 permits, or a decimal representation otherwise.
				 (alias svuser).

svgid       SVGID     see sgid.  (alias sgid).

svuid       SVUID     see suid.  (alias suid).

sz          SZ        size in physical pages of the core image of the
				 process.  This includes text, data, and stack
				 space.  Device mappings are currently excluded;
				 this is subject to change.  See vsz and rss.

tgid        TGID      a number representing the thread group to which a
				 task belongs (alias pid).  It is the process ID
				 of the thread group leader.

thcount     THCNT     see nlwp.  (alias nlwp).  number of kernel
				 threads owned by the process.

tid         TID       the unique number representing a dispatacable
				 entity (alias lwp, spid).  This value may also
				 appear as: a process ID (pid); a process group ID
				 (pgrp); a session ID for the session leader
				 (sid); a thread group ID for the thread group
				 leader (tgid); and a tty process group ID for the
				 process group leader (tpgid).

time        TIME      cumulative CPU time, "[DD-]HH:MM:SS" format.
				 (alias cputime).

tname       TTY       controlling tty (terminal).  (alias tt, tty).

tpgid       TPGID     ID of the foreground process group on the tty
				 (terminal) that the process is connected to, or
				 -1 if the process is not connected to a tty.


tt          TT        controlling tty (terminal).  (alias tname, tty).
tty         TT        controlling tty (terminal).  (alias tname, tt).

uid         UID       see euid.  (alias euid).
uname       USER      see euser.  (alias euser, user).
user        USER      see euser.  (alias euser, uname).