sql50题带建表语句带详细答案（sql高阶函数详解）

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已于 2023-07-06 16:27:31 修改

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分类专栏： Mysql 文章标签： sql50题 case when @rank union order by

于 2019-03-23 10:22:11 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42641909/article/details/88756871

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1. sql基础

)

建表语句

--建表
--学生表
CREATE TABLE `Student`(
    `s_id` VARCHAR(20),
    `s_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    `s_birth` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    `s_sex` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`)
);
--课程表
CREATE TABLE `Course`(
    `c_id`  VARCHAR(20),
    `c_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    `t_id` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY(`c_id`)
);
--教师表
CREATE TABLE `Teacher`(
    `t_id` VARCHAR(20),
    `t_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    PRIMARY KEY(`t_id`)
);
--成绩表
CREATE TABLE `Score`(
    `s_id` VARCHAR(20),
    `c_id`  VARCHAR(20),
    `s_score` INT(3),
    PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`,`c_id`)
);
--插入学生表测试数据
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女');
--课程表测试数据
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');

--教师表测试数据
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');

--成绩表测试数据
insert into Score values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into Score values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into Score values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into Score values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into Score values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into Score values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into Score values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into Score values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into Score values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into Score values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into Score values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into Score values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into Score values('07' , '03' , 98);

1.1 主表&从表关系

主表中有的主键对应的列值,从表中可以没有和这个列值对应的数据,

主表中没有的主键对应的列值,从表中一定不能有这个列值对应的数据
join连接关系
先分组,再排序

1.2 mysql语句顺序

查询书写格式

select...(avg(),sum())from...left join...on...
	where...group by...
	order by...asc/desc
	limit ...

执行顺序
```
form...on...left join...where...
	group by...
	avg(),sum()...having...
	select...
	order by...asc/desc
	limit...
```
- 列别名, 不要在条件中使用, 因为类别名在select后面
- 表别名可以在条件中使用, from后面是表别名

在这里插入图片描述

1.3 window系统mysql运行远程访问

截断表 truncate table xxx;
window系统mysql修改权限
```
mysql -uroot -proot
use mysql;
create
```

2. sql50题详细答案

1. 查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数

-- 1、查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数 
SELECT a.*, b.s_score AS 01_score, c.s_score AS 02_score FROM 
	student a JOIN score b ON a.s_id = b.s_id AND b.c_id = '01'
	LEFT JOIN score c ON a.s_id = c.s_id AND c.c_id = '02' OR c.c_id = NULL WHERE b.s_score > c.s_score;
	
	-- 或者
	SELECT * (SELECT a.*, b.s_score AS 01_score, c.s_score AS 02_score FROM 
	student a JOIN score b ON a.s_id = b.s_id AND b.c_id = '01'
	LEFT JOIN score c ON a.s_id = c.s_id AND c.c_id = '02' OR c.c_id = NULL) d WHERE d.01_01_score > d.02_score;

1.1 多表查询规律

要先把学生表,成绩表关联起来—关键就是s_id 和 c_id
学生表a join 成绩表b 得到学生的语文成绩, 再left join on 成绩表c 得到语文, 数学成绩完整的表
再得到一张大表的基础上语文成绩大于数学成绩

1.2 什么时候用left join , 什么时候不用

成绩表score只是有单一的成绩, 姓名&学生编号会重复, student表–>score表是一对多
如果需求是多科成绩之间的比较, 就需要student left join score
如果不涉及多科, 就不需要left join了,
涉及几科, student就left join几次score, 每次关联就取一科成绩

2. 查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩低的学生的信息及课程分数

-- 2、查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩低的学生的信息及课程分数

select a.* ,b.s_score as 01_score,c.s_score as 02_score from 
    student a left join score b on a.s_id=b.s_id and b.c_id='01' or b.c_id=NULL 
     join score c on a.s_id=c.s_id and c.c_id='02' where b.s_score<c.s_score

3. 查询平均成绩大于等于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩

-- 3、查询平均成绩大于等于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
select b.s_id,b.s_name,ROUND(AVG(a.s_score),2) as avg_score from 
    student b 
    join score a on b.s_id = a.s_id
    GROUP BY b.s_id,b.s_name HAVING ROUND(AVG(a.s_score),2)>=60;

sql查询语句结构
sql语句执行顺序:
- 无作为连接先from–>where–>group by–>having–>avg , sum --> select–>order by
  
  有连接查询 form–>on–>join–>where–>group by–>avg,sum–>having–>select–>distinct–>order by–>limit
having 后面跟的条件, 不要写select 中起的别名, 要写起别名之前的原名
- 因为先group by xxx having xxx, 再select xxx起别名
原表的别名, 后面都可以使用, 因为是先from 表名别名
根据平均成绩排序: order by 的条件,
- 一定要写别名, 因为最后才排序的, 最后已经将查询结果揉成一张大表了,
- 大表的字段就是select 后面的字段 , 所以就不认识原名了, 只认识别名了
模糊查询
- _ 代表一个
- % 代表多个
- rlike ‘[9]’ 含有9的
- like关键字
排序
- order by xxx asc/desc : 全局排序, 只能有一个reduce
- sort by xxx asc/desc: map端排序, 局部排序
- distribute by 分区字段 + sort by 排序字段 asc/desc : 分区排序
- cluster by 字段: 分区字段&排序字段相同时使用 --> 只能倒序,也就是降序

4. 查询平均成绩小于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩

-- 4、查询平均成绩小于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩
        -- (包括有成绩的和无成绩的)
select b.s_id,b.s_name,ROUND(AVG(a.s_score),2) as avg_score from 
    student b 
    left join score a on b.s_id = a.s_id
    GROUP BY b.s_id,b.s_name HAVING ROUND(AVG(a.s_score),2)<60
    union all
select a.s_id,a.s_name,0 as avg_score from 
    student a 
    where a.s_id not in (
                select distinct s_id from score);

sql语句别名
- 想添加一列并且给列赋值 select 0 as avg_score, 查出的数据后面添加一列avg_score,列值均为0
- 想给原表中的一列起别名 select round(avg(a.s_score),2) as avg_score–> 平均值赋值给了avg_score(新列值)

以上原理是一样的, 就是可以在原有查询数据基础上,添加列明&列值

5. 查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩

-- 5、查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩
select a.s_id,a.s_name,count(b.c_id) as sum_course,sum(b.s_score) as sum_score --4
	from student a ---1
    left join score b on a.s_id=b.s_id--2
    GROUP BY a.s_id,a.s_name;---3

收获一定要注意思路和查询顺序
- 先把两张表结合起来
- 再分组,
- 再求b.c_id的count 和b.s_score的sum
- sum()是每个组中的s_score的和, count()是求每个组中c_id的个数

6. 查询"李"姓老师的数量

-- 6、查询"李"姓老师的数量
select count(t.t_id) from teacher t where t.t_name like '%李%' group by t.t_id;

7. 查询学过"张三"老师授课的同学的信息

-- 7、查询学过"张三"老师授课的同学的信息
SELECT stu.* FROM student stu LEFT JOIN score sco ON stu.s_id = sco.s_id WHERE sco.c_id = (SELECT c.c_id FROM course c WHERE c.t_id=(SELECT t.t_id FROM teacher t WHERE t.t_name='张三'));

8. 查询没学过"张三"老师授课的同学的信息

-- 8、查询没学过"张三"老师授课的同学的信息
SELECT s.* FROM student s WHERE s.s_id NOT IN 
(
	SELECT stu.s_id FROM student stu LEFT JOIN score sco ON stu.s_id = sco.s_id 
	WHERE sco.c_id =(SELECT c.c_id FROM course c LEFT JOIN teacher t ON c.t_id=t.t_id WHERE 	t.t_name='张三') 
)

9. 查询学过编号为"01"并且也学过编号为"02"的课程的同学的信息

-- 9、查询学过编号为"01"并且也学过编号为"02"的课程的同学的信息
SELECT a.* FROM student a 
	LEFT JOIN score b ON a.s_id = b.s_id 
		LEFT JOIN score c ON a.s_id = c.s_id 
			WHERE b.c_id = '01' AND c.c_id ='02';

10. 查询学过编号为"01"但是没有学过编号为"02"的课程的同学的信息

-- 10、查询学过编号为"01"但是没有学过编号为"02"的课程的同学的信息	
SELECT * FROM student WHERE s_id IN
	(SELECT s_id FROM score WHERE c_id = '01') AND
		s_id NOT IN (SELECT s_id FROM score WHERE c_id = '02')

10.1 判断为null

where xxx is null 或者where xxx is not null

11. 查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息

-- 11、查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息
SELECT a.* FROM student a LEFT JOIN score b ON a.s_id = b.s_id GROUP BY a.s_id
	HAVING a.s_id NOT IN 
		(SELECT s_id AS cts FROM score GROUP BY s_id HAVING COUNT(*) = 3);

12. 查询至少有一门课与学号为"01"的同学所学相同的同学的信息

-- 12、查询至少有一门课与学号为"01"的同学所学相同的同学的信息
SELECT * FROM student WHERE s_id IN
(SELECT s_id FROM score WHERE c_id IN
	(SELECT c_id FROM score WHERE s_id = '01') GROUP BY s_id);

13. 查询和"01"号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息

-- 13、查询和"01"号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学的信息 
SELECT * FROM student WHERE s_id IN
(SELECT a.s_id FROM 
	(SELECT s_id, COUNT(*) AS cts FROM score WHERE c_id IN
		(SELECT c_id FROM score WHERE s_id = '01') GROUP BY s_id
			HAVING cts = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM score WHERE s_id = '01')) a WHERE a.s_id !='01')

14. 查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

-- 14、查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名 
SELECT s_name FROM student WHERE s_id NOT IN  
(SELECT s_id FROM score WHERE c_id =
	(SELECT c_id FROM course WHERE t_id = 
		(SELECT t_id FROM teacher WHERE t_name = '张三')));

15. 查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩

-- 15、查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩
SELECT a.s_id, a.s_name, AVG(b.s_score) FROM student a 
	LEFT JOIN score b ON a.s_id = b.s_id WHERE b.s_score < 60 OR b.s_score IS NULL
		GROUP BY a.s_id;

16. 检索"01"课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的学生信息

-- 16、检索"01"课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的学生信息		
SELECT a.*, b.c_id, b.s_score FROM student a 
	LEFT JOIN score b ON a.s_id = b.s_id 
		WHERE b.c_id = '01' AND b.s_score < 60 
			ORDER BY b.s_score DESC;

17. 按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩

-- 17、按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩 
SELECT tempA.*, tempB.avgs FROM 
	(SELECT a.*, b.s_score AS '01', c.s_score AS '02', d.s_score AS '03' FROM student a
			LEFT JOIN score b ON a.s_id = b.s_id AND b.c_id = '01'
				LEFT JOIN score c ON a.s_id = c.s_id AND c.c_id = '02'
					LEFT JOIN score d ON a.s_id = d.s_id AND d.c_id = '03') tempA LEFT JOIN	
    (SELECT a.s_id, ROUND(AVG(b.s_score),2) AS avgs FROM student a 
		LEFT JOIN score b ON a.s_id = b.s_id 
			GROUP BY a.s_id 
				ORDER BY avgs DESC) tempB ON tempA.s_id = tempB.s_id;

18. 查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分：以如下形式显示：课程ID，课程name，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率

-- 18.查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分：以如下形式显示：课程ID，课程name，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率         
//及格为>=60，中等为：70-80，优良为：80-90，优秀为：>=90
SELECT s.c_id AS 课程ID, c.c_name AS 课程NAME, ROUND(MAX(s.s_score),2) AS 最高分, ROUND(MIN(s.s_score),2) AS 最低分, ROUND(AVG(s.s_score),2) AS 平均分,
	ROUND((SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN b.s_score >= 60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) FROM score b WHERE b.c_id = s.c_id)/
	(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM score a WHERE a.c_id = s.c_id),2) AS 及格率,
	ROUND((SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN b.s_score >= 70 AND b.s_score < 80 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) FROM score b WHERE b.c_id = s.c_id)/
	(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM score a WHERE a.c_id = s.c_id),2) AS 中等率,
	ROUND((SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN b.s_score >= 80 AND b.s_score < 90 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) FROM score b WHERE b.c_id = s.c_id)/
	(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM score a WHERE a.c_id = s.c_id),2) AS 优良率,
	ROUND((SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN b.s_score >= 90 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) FROM score b WHERE b.c_id = s.c_id)/
	(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM score a WHERE a.c_id = s.c_id),2) AS 优秀率
	FROM score s LEFT JOIN course c ON s.c_id = c.c_id
	GROUP BY s.c_id;

18.1 myql流程控制函数之case

基本语法

select xxx, xxx, -- 一定要有逗号
	case 
		when 条件1 then 条件1查询结果对应的列值,
		when 条件2 then 条件2查询结果对应的列值,
         else 不符合以上条件对应的列值,
         end 查询结果对应的列名 -- 一定不可以有逗号
    from 表名;

case when … else… end… 就是把查询结果单独赋值,单独赋列名

19. 按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名

-- 19、按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名
 -- 成绩相同不并列
SELECT ss01.*, @rank1 := @rank1 + 1 AS rank
	FROM (SELECT c_id, s_score, s_id FROM score WHERE c_id = '01' ORDER BY s_score DESC) ss01,
	(SELECT @rank1 := 0) r
UNION ALL
SELECT ss02.*, @rank2 := @rank2 + 1 AS rank
	FROM (SELECT c_id, s_score, s_id FROM score WHERE c_id = '02' ORDER BY s_score DESC) ss02,
	(SELECT @rank2 := 0) r
UNION ALL
SELECT ss03.*, @rank3 := @rank3 + 1 AS rank
	FROM (SELECT c_id, s_score, s_id FROM score WHERE c_id = '03' ORDER BY s_score DESC) ss03,
	(SELECT @rank3 := 0) r;

19.1 rank函数

语法

-- 1,2,3 顺序排名
select @rank := @rank + 1 as rank from (select * from 表名 where xxx=xxx order by xxx desc) 表名, (select @rank := 0) r
-- 1,1,2 并列排名
select t1.*,
		(case when @avgScore = t1.s_score then @rank 
		      when @avgScore := t1.s_score THEN @rank := @rank+1 end) as rank
		from (SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_id= '01' ORDER BY s_score DESC) t1,
		(SELECT @rank := 0, @avgScore := 0)

union all使用
order by & union all 使用
rank使用

19.2 :=和=区别

:= 代表赋值,
= 代表判断

20. 查询学生的总成绩并进行排名 ?? 并列排名

-- 20、查询学生的总成绩并进行排名 ?? 并列排名
SELECT s.s_id, s.sums, @rank := @rank + 1 AS 总成绩排名
	FROM (SELECT s_id, SUM(s_score) AS sums FROM score GROUP BY s_id ORDER BY sums DESC) s,
	(SELECT @rank := 0) r

21. 查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示

-- 21、查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示
SELECT c.t_id, c.c_id, c.c_name,t.t_name, AVG(s.s_score) AS avgs FROM score s 
	LEFT JOIN course c ON s.c_id = c.c_id
	LEFT JOIN teacher t ON c.t_id = t.t_id
	GROUP BY t.t_id
	ORDER BY avgs DESC

22. 查询所有课程的成绩第2名到第3名的学生信息及该课程成绩(采取的是1,1,2的方式进行排名)

--  22、查询所有课程的成绩第2名到第3名的学生信息及该课程成绩(采取的是1,1,2的方式进行排名)
SELECT student.*,tt.c_id,tt.s_score,tt.rank FROM 
	(	
		SELECT t1.*,
		(CASE WHEN @avgScore = t1.s_score THEN @rank1 
		      WHEN @avgScore := t1.s_score THEN @rank1 := @rank1+1 END) AS rank 
		FROM (SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_id= '01' ORDER BY s_score DESC) t1,(SELECT @rank1:=0,@avgScore:=0)r
	UNION ALL
		SELECT t1.*,
		(CASE WHEN @avgScore = t1.s_score THEN @rank2 
		      WHEN @avgScore := t1.s_score THEN @rank2 := @rank2+1 END) AS rank 
		FROM (SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_id= '02' ORDER BY s_score DESC) t1,(SELECT @rank2:=0,@avgScore:=0)r
	UNION ALL
		SELECT t1.*, 
		(CASE WHEN @avgScore = t1.s_score THEN @rank3
		      WHEN @avgScore := t1.s_score THEN @rank3 := @rank3+1 END) AS rank 
		FROM (SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_id= '03' ORDER BY s_score DESC) t1,(SELECT @rank3:=0,@avgScore:=0)r	
	) tt LEFT JOIN student ON tt.s_id = student.s_id 
	WHERE tt.rank = 2 OR tt.rank = 3

23. 统计各科成绩各分数段人数：课程编号,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[0-60]及所占百分比

-- 23、统计各科成绩各分数段人数：课程编号,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[0-60]及所占百分比
SELECT c.*,
	(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM score s WHERE s.s_score >= 85 AND s.s_score <= 100 AND s.c_id = c.c_id) AS `[100-85]`,
	CONCAT(
		ROUND(100 * (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM score s WHERE s.s_score >= 85 AND s.s_score <= 100 AND s.c_id = c.c_id)/
		(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM score s WHERE s.c_id = c.c_id),2),
	'%') AS '[100-85]占比',
	(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM score s WHERE s.s_score >= 70 AND s.s_score < 85 AND s.c_id = c.c_id) AS `[85-70]`,
	CONCAT(
		ROUND(100 * (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM score s WHERE s.s_score >= 70 AND s.s_score < 85 AND s.c_id = c.c_id)/
		(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM score s WHERE s.c_id = c.c_id),2),
	'%') AS '[85-70]占比',
	(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM score s WHERE s.s_score >= 60 AND s.s_score < 70 AND s.c_id = c.c_id) AS '[70-60]',	
	CONCAT(
		ROUND(100 * (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM score s WHERE s.s_score >= 60 AND s.s_score < 70 AND s.c_id = c.c_id)/
		(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM score s WHERE s.c_id = c.c_id),2),
	'%') AS '[70-60]占比',
	(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM score s WHERE s.s_score >= 0 AND s.s_score < 60 AND s.c_id = c.c_id) AS '[60-0]',	
	CONCAT(
		ROUND(100 * (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM score s WHERE s.s_score >= 0 AND s.s_score < 60 AND s.c_id = c.c_id)/
		(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM score s WHERE s.c_id = c.c_id),2),
	'%') AS '[60-0]占比'
	FROM course c;

23.1 concat()函数

字符串拼接函数
SELECT CONCAT (s_score,‘分’) as 成绩 FROM score;

字符串拼接, 查出来的结果拼接一个字符串

24. 查询学生平均成绩及其名次采取的是（1,1,2）的方式排序

-- 24、查询学生平均成绩及其名次 采取的是（1,1,2）的方式排序
SELECT temp.*, 
	(CASE WHEN @avgs = temp.avgs THEN @rank
	      WHEN @avgs := temp.avgs THEN @rank := @rank + 1 END) AS rank FROM 
	(SELECT s.s_id, ROUND(AVG(s.s_score),2) AS avgs FROM score s 
		LEFT JOIN student stu ON s.s_id = stu.s_id 
		GROUP BY s.s_id ORDER BY avgs DESC) temp,
	(SELECT @avgs := NULL, @rank := 0) r;

rank 112排名

25. 查询各科成绩前三名的记录

-- 25、查询各科成绩前三名的记录 
select * from score a where 3>(select count(*) from score where a.c_id = c_id and s_score > a.s_score ) order by a.c_id,s_score desc

26. 查询每门课程被选修的学生数

-- 26、查询每门课程被选修的学生数
SELECT s.c_id, COUNT(*) AS 选修人数 FROM score s GROUP BY s.c_id;

27、查询出只有两门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名

-- 27、查询出只有两门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名 
SELECT s.s_id, s.s_name FROM student s LEFT JOIN score sco ON s.s_id = sco.s_id
	GROUP BY s.s_id HAVING COUNT(*) = 2;

28、查询男生、女生人数

-- 28、查询男生、女生人数
SELECT s.s_sex, COUNT(*) AS nums FROM student s GROUP BY s.s_sex

29、查询名字中含有"风"字的学生信息

-- 29、查询名字中含有"风"字的学生信息
SELECT s.* FROM student s WHERE s.s_name LIKE '%风%'

30、查询同名同性学生名单，并统计同名人数

-- 30、查询同名同性学生名单，并统计同名人数
SELECT s.s_name, COUNT(*) AS nums FROM student s GROUP BY s.s_name HAVING nums > 1

30.1 统计同名同姓学生名单:

按照姓名分组,
求count()
count() 大于1的就是同名同姓的人数

30.2 substr(列名 from n [for nums])

截取字符串的函数
substr(列名 from 第几个字符 [for 要截取几个字符])

31、查询1990年出生的学生名单

-- 31、查询1990年出生的学生名单
SELECT * FROM student WHERE SUBSTR(s_birth FROM 1 FOR 4) = '1990'

32. 查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩降序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程编号升序排列

-- 32、查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩降序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程编号升序排列
select s.c_id, round(avg(s.s_score),2) as avgs from score s group by s.c_id order by avgs desc, s.c_id asc;

32题: 注意, order by avgs 是正确的, order by s.avgs是错误的, group by s.c_id后就不能s.xxx

33. 查询平均成绩大于等于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩

-- 33、查询平均成绩大于等于85的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
SELECT stu.s_id, stu.s_name, ROUND(AVG(s.s_score),2) AS avgs FROM score s LEFT JOIN student stu
	ON s.s_id = stu.s_id
	GROUP BY s.s_id
	HAVING avgs >= 85

34. 查询课程名称为"数学"，且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数

-- 34、查询课程名称为"数学"，且分数低于60的学生姓名和分数 
SELECT stu.s_name, s.s_score FROM score s LEFT JOIN student stu 
	ON s.s_id = stu.s_id 
	WHERE s.c_id = (SELECT c_id FROM course WHERE c_name = '数学')
	AND s.s_score < 60

35. 查询所有学生的课程及分数情况

-- 35、查询所有学生的课程及分数情况；
SELECT stu.*, c.c_name, s.s_score FROM score s
	LEFT JOIN course c ON s.c_id = c.c_id
	LEFT JOIN student stu ON s.s_id = stu.s_id

36. 查询任何一门课程成绩在70分以上的学生的姓名、课程名称和分数

-- 36、查询任何一门课程成绩在70分以上的学生的姓名、课程名称和分数； 
SELECT stu.*, c.c_name, s.s_score FROM score s 
	LEFT JOIN course c ON s.c_id = c.c_id 
	LEFT JOIN student stu ON s.s_id = stu.s_id 
	WHERE s.s_score > 70

37. 查询不及格的课程

-- 37、查询不及格的课程 
SELECT s.s_id, s.c_id, c.c_name,s.s_score FROM score s 
	LEFT JOIN course c ON s.c_id = c.c_id 
	WHERE s.s_score < 60

38. 查询课程编号为01且课程成绩大于等于80分的学生的学号和姓名

-- 38、查询课程编号为01且课程成绩大于等于80分的学生的学号和姓名；
SELECT stu.s_id, stu.s_name, s.c_id, s.s_score FROM score s 
	LEFT JOIN student stu ON s.s_id = stu.s_id
	WHERE s.c_id = '01' AND s.s_score >= 80

39. 求每门课程的学生人数

-- 39、求每门课程的学生人数 
SELECT c_id, COUNT(s_id) AS cts FROM score GROUP BY c_id

40. 查询选修"张三"老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩(可能包含相同成绩)

-- 40、查询选修"张三"老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩(可能包含相同成绩)
SELECT stu.*, s.c_id, MAX(s.s_score) AS max_score FROM score s 
	LEFT JOIN student stu ON s.s_id = stu.s_id
	WHERE c_id = (SELECT c_id FROM course WHERE t_id = (SELECT t_id FROM teacher WHERE t_name = '张三'))_id

41. 查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩

-- 41、查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩 
SELECT a.*
FROM score a 
LEFT JOIN score b
ON a.s_id = b.s_id
WHERE a.c_id <> b.c_id
AND a.s_score = b.s_score
GROUP BY a.c_id;

42. 查询每门功成绩最好的前两名

-- 42、查询每门功成绩最好的前两名
SELECT 
temp.* 
FROM 
	(SELECT 
	s1.*, 
	@rank1 := @rank1 + 1 AS rank
	FROM (
		SELECT a.*
		FROM score a
		WHERE a.c_id = '01' ORDER BY a.s_score DESC) s1,
	(SELECT @rank1 := 0) r	
	UNION ALL
	SELECT 
	s2.*, 
	@rank2 := @rank2 + 1 AS rank
	FROM (
		SELECT a.*
		FROM score a
		WHERE a.c_id = '02' ORDER BY a.s_score DESC) s2,
	(SELECT @rank2 := 0) r
	UNION ALL
	SELECT 
	s3.*, 
	@rank3 := @rank3 + 1 AS rank
	FROM (
		SELECT a.*
		FROM score a
		WHERE a.c_id = '03' ORDER BY a.s_score DESC) s3,
	(SELECT @rank3 := 0) r) temp 
WHERE temp.rank = 1 OR temp.rank = 2;		
	
-- 简单方法, 不明白
SELECT 
* 
FROM score s1 
WHERE 2 > (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM score WHERE c_id = s1.c_id AND s_score > s1.s_score)
ORDER BY c_id, s_score DESC

43. 统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过5人的课程才统计）

-- 43、统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过5人的课程才统计）。
	-- 要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，
	-- 若人数相同，按课程号升序排列 
SELECT
s.c_id,
COUNT(*) AS cts
FROM score s
GROUP BY s.c_id
HAVING cts > 5
ORDER BY cts DESC, s.c_id ASC;

44. 检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号

-- 44、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号 
SELECT 
s.s_id,
COUNT(*) AS cts
FROM score s
GROUP BY s.s_id
HAVING cts >= 2;

45. 查询选修了全部课程的学生信息

-- 45、查询选修了全部课程的学生信息 
SELECT
* 
FROM student 
WHERE s_id IN
	(SELECT 
	s.s_id
	FROM score s 
	GROUP BY s.s_id
	HAVING COUNT(*) = 3)

month(日期类型的数据),可以取整–>比较大小&加减乘除
weekofyear(xxx), 一年中的第几周

46. 查询各学生的年龄

-- 46、查询各学生的年龄
    -- 按照出生日期来算，当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则，年龄减一
SELECT 
*,
(CASE WHEN MONTH(s_birth) > MONTH(NOW()) THEN YEAR(NOW()) - YEAR(s_birth) -1
	WHEN MONTH(s_birth) < MONTH(NOW()) THEN YEAR(NOW()) - YEAR(s_birth)
	WHEN MONTH(s_birth) = MONTH(NOW()) AND DAY(s_birth) > DAY(NOW()) THEN YEAR(NOW()) - YEAR(s_birth) - 1
	WHEN MONTH(s_birth) = MONTH(NOW()) AND DAY(s_birth) < DAY(NOW()) THEN YEAR(NOW()) - YEAR(s_birth)
	ELSE NULL END) AS age
FROM student;

47. 查询本周过生日的学生

-- 47、查询本周过生日的学生
SELECT 
*
FROM student
WHERE WEEKOFYEAR(s_birth) = WEEKOFYEAR(NOW())

48. 查询下周过生日的学生

-- 48、查询下周过生日的学生
SELECT 
*
FROM student
WHERE (WEEKOFYEAR(s_birth) - WEEKOFYEAR(NOW()) = 1);

49. 查询本月过生日的学生

-- 49、查询本月过生日的学生
SELECT 
*
FROM student
WHERE MONTH(s_birth) = MONTH(NOW());

50. 查询下月过生日的学生

-- 50、查询下月过生日的学生
SELECT 
*
FROM student
WHERE (MONTH(s_birth) - MONTH(NOW()) = 1)

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sql50题带建表语句带详细答案（sql高阶函数详解）

1. sql基础)建表语句--建表--学生表CREATE TABLE `Student`( `s_id` VARCHAR(20), `s_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `s_birth` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `s_sex` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL...
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