muduo 使用网络库和 Protobuf 来构建 RPC 框架

通过阅读moduo中rpc的示例程序来分析，如何利用一个网络库和Protobuf来构建一个RPC框架

pb generated sources

分析pb生成了哪些源码，思考需要用网络库去实现哪部分来实现通信

sudoku.proto

package sudoku;
option cc_generic_services = true;
option java_generic_services = true;
option py_generic_services = true;

message SudokuRequest {
  required string checkerboard = 1;
}

message SudokuResponse {
  optional bool solved = 1 [default=false];
  optional string checkerboard = 2;
}

service SudokuService {
  rpc Solve (SudokuRequest) returns (SudokuResponse);
}

sudoku.proto.h & sudoku.proto.cc

SudokuService

class SudokuService : public ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Service {
   
 protected:
  // This class should be treated as an abstract interface.
  inline SudokuService() {
   };
 public:
  virtual ~SudokuService();

  typedef SudokuService_Stub Stub;

  static const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptor* descriptor();

  virtual void Solve(::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RpcController* controller,
                       const ::sudoku::SudokuRequest* request,
                       ::sudoku::SudokuResponse* response,
                       ::google::protobuf::Closure* done);

  // implements Service ----------------------------------------------

  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptor* GetDescriptor();
  void CallMethod(const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptor* method,
                  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::RpcController* controller,
                  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message* request,
                  ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message* response,
                  ::google::protobuf::Closure* done);
  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& GetRequestPrototype(
    const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptor* method) const;
  const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::Message& GetResponsePrototype(
    const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::MethodDescriptor* method) const;

 private:
  GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(SudokuService);
};

SudokuService override 了父类 Service的纯虚函数

// Abstract base interface for protocol-buffer-based RPC services.  Services
// themselves are abstract interfaces (implemented either by servers or as
// stubs), but they subclass this base interface.  The methods of this
// interface can be used to call the methods of the Service without knowing
// its exact type at compile time (analogous to Reflection).
class PROTOBUF_EXPORT Service {
   
 public:
  inline Service() {
   }
  virtual ~Service();
  ...

  // Get the ServiceDescriptor describing this service and its methods.
  virtual const ServiceDescriptor* GetDescriptor() = 0;

  virtual void CallMethod(const MethodDescriptor* method,
                          RpcController* controller, const Message* request,
                          Message* response, Closure* done) = 0;

  virtual const Message& GetRequestPrototype(
      const MethodDescriptor* method) const = 0;
  virtual const Message& GetResponsePrototype(
      const MethodDescriptor* method) const = 0;
...

};

descriptor

每一种具体的 Service 类（SudokuService）或 Method（Solve） 或 Message类 （SudokuRequest， SudokuResponse）类都会对应一个全局唯一的 ServiceDescriptor常量实例或MethodDescriptor常量实例或Descriptor常量实例，用来获取该 ConcreteType 的各种信息

ServiceDescriptor

通过GetDescriptor()这个接口，可以获取到指向SudokuService对应的全局唯一的ServiceDescriptor常量实例的指针（const ServiceDescriptor*）

const ::PROTOBUF_NAMESPACE_ID::ServiceDescriptor* SudokuService::GetDescriptor() {
   
  return descriptor();
}

通过ServiceDescriptor就可以获取service name，以及指向service所包含的methods各自对应的一个全局唯一MethodDescriptor常量实例的指针（const MethodDescriptor*）

class PROTOBUF_EXPORT ServiceDescriptor {
   
 public:
  ...

  // The name of the service, not including its containing scope.
  const std::string& name() const;
  // The fully-qualified name of the service, scope delimited by periods.
  const std::string& full_name() const;
  ...

  // The number of methods this service defines.
  int method_count() const;
  // Gets a MethodDescriptor by index, where 0 <= index < method_count().
  // These are returned in the order they were defined in the .proto file.
  const MethodDescriptor* method(int index) const;

  // Look up a MethodDescriptor by name.
  const MethodDescriptor* FindMethodByName(ConstStringParam name) const;
  ...
};

MethodDescriptor

通过MethodDescriptor可以获取method name，指向该method所属的service所对应的全局唯一的ServiceDescriptor常量实例的指针（const ServiceDescriptor*），以及指向该method的input message和output message各自所对应的全局唯一的Descriptor常量实例指针（const Descriptor*）

class PROTOBUF_EXPORT MethodDescriptor {
   
 public:
  ...

  // Name of this method, not including containing scope.
  const std::string& name() const;
  // The fully-qualified name of the method, scope delimited by periods.
  const std::string& full_name() const;
  ...
  
  // Gets the service to which this method belongs.  Never nullptr.
  const ServiceDescriptor* service() const;

  // Gets the type of protocol message which this method accepts as input.
  const Descriptor* input_type() const;
  // Gets the type of protocol message which this message produces as output.
  const Descriptor* output_type() const;

  ...
};

Descriptor

method

Solve是SudokuService中唯一的method，它是个虚函数，需要业务来继承SudokuService这个类并且 override Solve方法，来实现业务逻辑（接受 request，set response）。done->Run()（Closure是个纯虚类，需要RPC框架来实现）的时候应该要能把response序列化后返回给client（返回RPC响应报文）。

class SudokuServiceImpl : public SudokuService
{
   
 public:
  void Solve(::google::protobuf::RpcController* controller,
                       const ::sudoku