ubuntu系统安装Puppeteer

前言

puppeteer(木偶)，是Google Chrome团队出品的一款无界面Chrome工具，它提供了丰富的API，让开发者像
鼠标一样控制浏览器的各种行为。它是一个node库，所以安装nodejs以及npm包管理器

安装nodejs及npm

apt-get install nodejs  
apt-get install npm

查看node版本号

node -v

升级node版本 详细教程

• 全局安装n模块

npm install n -g

• 切换node版本

sudo n

有时候明明版本切换了，终端仍显示旧的版本号怎么办？
原因1：node被nvm接管了。因此，可以通过以下命令切换回来

export NODE_HOME=/usr/local
export PATH=$NODE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export NODE_PATH=$NODE_HOME/lib/node_modules:$PATH

安装puppeteer

由于安装puppeteer的时候，会额外去下载chromeium包，chromium下载服务器在国外，因此，很多puppeteer
安装失败的原因就是chromeium下载失败。解决办法有哪些呢？

1. 只安装puppeteer不安装chromeium 详细教程

npm install puppeteer --ignore-scripts

然后在脚本中通过配置项 executablePath，指定 Chromium 所在的位置。示例：

const puppeteer = require('puppeteer');


(async () => {
    const browser = await puppeteer.launch({
        executablePath: '../../chromium/Chromium.app/Contents/MacOS/Chromium'
    });
    const page = await browser.newPage();
    await page.goto('https://y.qq.com');
    await page.screenshot({path: 'yqq.png'});
    browser.close();
})(); 

手动下载Chromuim。墙里下载不到Chromuim怎么办。看仓库源码可以发现下载地址是这样的

const downloadURLs = {
    linux: 'https://storage.googleapis.com/chromium-browser-snapshots/Linux_x64/%d/chrome-linux.zip',
    mac: 'https://storage.googleapis.com/chromium-browser-snapshots/Mac/%d/chrome-mac.zip',
    win32: 'https://storage.googleapis.com/chromium-browser-snapshots/Win/%d/chrome-win32.zip',
    win64: 'https://storage.googleapis.com/chromium-browser-snapshots/Win_x64/%d/chrome-win32.zip'
}

选择对应的平台，将 %d 替换成具体的编号,编号可以从 puppeteer/package.json 中的 puppeteer.chromium_revision查看
2. 切换npm源，使用国内源 详细教程

永久使用

npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org

临时使用

npm --registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org install express

其他问题

在mac上安装完chromium后能立即使用，在ubuntu上可能存在这些问题

1. 共享资源库找不到 详细教程

sudo apt-get install libgtk-3.so.0
sudo ldconfig
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt update
sudo apt install libgtk-3-0:i386

2. 仅有终端操作的ubuntu，启动chromeium报错

(node:17781) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Error: Failed to launch chrome!
[0719/113011.202956:ERROR:zygote_host_impl_linux.cc(89)] Running as root without --no-sandbox is not supported. See https://crbug.com/638180.


TROUBLESHOOTING: https://github.com/GoogleChrome/puppeteer/blob/master/docs/troubleshooting.md

    at onClose (/home/zhenlinhuo/spider/node_modules/puppeteer/lib/Launcher.js:340:14)
    at Interface.helper.addEventListener (/home/zhenlinhuo/spider/node_modules/puppeteer/lib/Launcher.js:329:50)
    at Interface.emit (events.js:187:15)
    at Interface.close (readline.js:379:8)
    at Socket.onend (readline.js:157:10)
    at Socket.emit (events.js:187:15)
    at endReadableNT (_stream_readable.js:1081:12)
    at process._tickCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:63:19)
(node:17781) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Unhandled promise rejection. This error originated either by throwing inside of an async function without a catch block, or by rejecting a promise which was not handled with .catch(). (rejection id: 1)
(node:17781) [DEP0018] DeprecationWarning: Unhandled promise rejections are deprecated. In the future, promise rejections that are not handled will terminate the Node.js process with a non-zero exit code.

这个问题，只需要配置chromium启动项

browser = await puppeteer.launch({
        args: ['--no-sandbox'],
        headless: true

    });