在我们平时的工作中，偶尔需要装个系统什么的，一般会有通过网络PEX安装或者cobbler安装的，但是万一没网呢？那这时候就需要一个U盘来拯救你啦。
首先我们说一下思路：
(1)选择一个文件夹，把本机上的光盘文件全部拷贝进去(注意别丢了隐藏文件哟)
(2)用sys-config-kickstart命令制作应答文件
(3)修改isolinux下面的isolinux.cfg启动菜单配置
(4)重新创建ISO的元数据
(5)打包那个文件做成
(6)用isohybrid转换一下格式，用于U盘启动
实验过程：
1、复制文件并查看一下[root@centos6 ~]# pwd
/root
[root@centos6 ~]# cp -r /misc/cd /root/app/centos6
[root@centos6 ~]# cd app/centos6/;ls -a
. EFI isolinux RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 TRANS.TBL
.. EULA Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6 .treeinfo
CentOS_BuildTag GPL RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6
.discinfo p_w_picpaths repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6
[root@centos6 centos6]#
2、在主机上用system-config-kickstart制作一个应该文件，这里的步骤和平时手动安装的内容一样，只是展现的形式不同而已，自己一项一项的选择好自己需要的配置点击左上角File里面的save保存到/root/app/centos6下即可，保存位置有图形界面可以自己选择，这里我就不一一截图了 (如果愿意深入了解kickstart的用法可以看一下一位网友的博客：http://blog.csdn.net/taiyang1987912/article/details/42176709 或者这一个网络连接： http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/5d368d1eedc8ac3f60c057e1.html )
3、修改引导菜单文件，直接保存会报错，记得用强行保存[root@centos6 centos6]# ls
centos6.cfg GPL RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6
CentOS_BuildTag p_w_picpaths repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6
EFI isolinux RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 TRANS.TBL
EULA Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6
[root@centos6 centos6]# vim isolinux/i
initrd.img isolinux.bin isolinux.cfg
[root@centos6 centos6]# vim isolinux/isolinux.cfg
default vesamenu.c32
#prompt 1
timeout 600
display boot.msg
menu background splash.jpg
menu title Welcome to CentOS 6.9!
menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffff
menu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000
label Desktop
menu label ^Automatic Desktop Install
menu default
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img ks=cdrom:/centos6.cfg
label man
menu label ^Manual ^Install
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img
label local
menu label Boot from ^local drive
localboot 0xffff
4、查看一下复制过来的iso文件的元数据，并删除了重新生成一次，因为之前的不能用[root@centos6 centos6]# ls /root/app/centos6/repodata/
1cde788f77b08a7eb3dfdba12fa384a5f0214147a717a1e2d4504368037fba90-c6-x86_64-comps.xml.gz
43d8fd068164b0f042845474d6a22262798b9f0d1f49ad1bf9f95b953089777d-c6-x86_64-comps.xml
594889376c2452dc8178bbaed982deba4dff38a42716ac03fc84576c17b1d79b-filelists.sqlite.bz2
92299bd89d0ef9e4030e78d31399a96b41712239f032d0092f2345ba5cb01404-other.xml.gz
9f2ef5087547b18bdccc798b0cad7456047fc69ca17db69d3159b6dd84ed1c11-primary.xml.gz
ad73b7fa76bb45feea7e4cdb2d896279524039545e8764ceaa515665f897a0c5-primary.sqlite.bz2
dc8a406c3cc1c5103ff2e22a1b9d3d0d09a13a6fda831ffecebdd55484bf5146-filelists.xml.gz
f18d3f35ab887f27a5acc563138bd58a0c9b668e8cd79dbb32c4fc610c88e320-other.sqlite.bz2
repomd.xml
TRANS.TBL
[root@centos6 centos6]# cp /root/app/centos6/repodata/43d8fd068164b0f042845474d6a22262798b9f0d1f49ad1bf9f95b953089777d-c6-x86_64-comps.xml /root/
[root@centos6 centos6]# rm -rf /root/app/centos6/repodata/*
[root@centos6 centos6]# ls /root/app/centos6/repodata/
[root@centos6 centos6]# createrepo -g /root/43d8fd068164b0f042845474d6a22262798b9f0d1f49ad1bf9f95b953089777d-c6-x86_64-comps.xml /root/app/centos6/
Spawning worker 0 with 3240 pkgs
Workers Finished
Gathering worker results
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete
[root@centos6 centos6]# ls /root/app/centos6/repodata/
1cde788f77b08a7eb3dfdba12fa384a5f0214147a717a1e2d4504368037fba90-c6-x86_64-comps.xml.gz
43d8fd068164b0f042845474d6a22262798b9f0d1f49ad1bf9f95b953089777d-c6-x86_64-comps.xml
5113e542b34891f5f6dd037f23cf2948c9014fbc852a8f7eec41f0323e2ae271-filelists.sqlite.bz2
6311d0e7a1fdcd08b425d8874500482c3910ed5ce921fa6e29dd9d5ab4418b28-filelists.xml.gz
8ddb832924451aebf1f64376f4e35bd7f3a48896b3f2b82e18346095afdaba07-primary.xml.gz
b97e8f350c99ed991f87e748a98cf1c2b6fb17e8ce3fb27d578e8bb4fbb51f00-other.sqlite.bz2
e91391eb5ceb40d428c81767ea369dc3c37b10bed9d382f482054e58f4b53359-other.xml.gz
fd29a4c1ae16874afec555e620fa18f3573951aacc776bbd569186ccf0d77193-primary.sqlite.bz2
repomd.xml
[root@centos6 centos6]#
5、把刚刚做的软件包封装成一个iso文件[root@centos6 centos6]# mkisofs -R -J -T -v --no-emul-boot --boot-load-size 4 --boot-info-table -V "Centos 6.9 x86_64 boot" -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -o /root/centos6.iso /root/app/centos6
…………
99.19% done, estimate finish Sat Jun 24 10:12:43 2017
99.45% done, estimate finish Sat Jun 24 10:12:43 2017
99.71% done, estimate finish Sat Jun 24 10:12:43 2017
99.96% done, estimate finish Sat Jun 24 10:12:43 2017
Total translation table size: 821601
Total rockridge attributes bytes: 361464
Total directory bytes: 548864
Path table size(bytes): 112
Done with: The File(s) Block(s) 1955144
Writing: Ending Padblock Start Block 1955630
Done with: Ending Padblock Block(s) 150
Max brk space used 362000
1955780 extents written (3819 MB)
6、做成的ISO文件就已经可以直接使用，如图，就可以直接安装完成。
6、需要做给U盘使用的话转换一下就ok[root@centos6 ~]# isohybrid /root/centos6.iso
isohybrid: Warning: more than 1024 cylinders: 3820
isohybrid: Not all BIOSes will be able to boot this device
[root@centos6 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0 11:0 1 3.7G 0 rom /media/CentOS_6.9_Final
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1000M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 97.7G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 48.8G 0 part /app
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
├─sda5 8:5 0 1G 0 part
├─sda6 8:6 0 2G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda7 8:7 0 203.9M 0 part
sdb 8:16 1 30G 0 disk
└─sdb1 8:17 1 30G 0 part
[root@centos6 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/
mount: you must specify the filesystem type
[root@centos6 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1970416 inodes, 7872472 blocks
393623 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
241 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8176 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@centos6 ~]# dd if=/root/centos6.iso of=/dev/sdb1
7823360+0 records in
7823360+0 records out
4005560320 bytes (4.0 GB) copied, 448.366 s, 8.9 MB/s
7823360+0 records in
7823360+0 records out
4005560320 bytes (4.0 GB) copied, 448.366 s, 8.9 MB/s
附件：
制作的应答文件centos6.cfg#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use network installation
cdrom
# Root password
rootpw --plaintext magedu
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use graphical install
text
reboot
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# Installation logging level
logging --level=info
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all
# Disk partitioning information
part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=500
part / --fstype="ext4" --size=50000
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
part /app --fstype="ext4" --size=20000
%post
useradd wang
echo magedu |passwd --stdin wang
rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <
[base]
name=base
baseurl=http://172.16.0.1/centos/6
gpgcheck=0
EOF
%end
%packages
@core
@server-policy
@workstation-policy
%end
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