Spring boot中嵌入式Servlet容器的配置和启动原理

以下分析基于Springboot2.0以上版本，1.X版本跟2.0以上版本源码差异性较大

嵌入式Servlet容器的自动配置原理流程如下：

1. SpringBoot 根据的依赖信息（默认是tomcat），创建对应的WebServerFactoryCustomizer（定制器，用来定制一些属性，默认为tomcat 所以就是定制tomcat的一些属性）；
2. WebServerFactoryCustomizerBeanPostProcessor（web工厂定制器的后置处理器）获取所有类型为web服务工厂定制器的组件（类型为WebServerFactoryCustomizer，以及我们自己自定义的组件），依次调用customize()方法，设置Servlet容器属性；
3. 嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂创建tomcat容器，初始化并启动容器。

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.ClientHttpConnectorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\ //Springboot在启动的时候会默认加载这个自动配置类
//关于Springboot的自动配置，大家可以关注我的另外一篇博客《Spring boot的自动配置原理解析》
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\


========
代码块1
//我们首先来找到这个默认配置类ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration

@EnableConfigurationProperties({ServerProperties.class})
@Import({ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class, //这里主要是注册一些后置处理器信息
//（关注的主要是这个webServerFactoryCustomizerBeanPostProcessor后置处理器）
EmbeddedTomcat.class, //注册TomcatServletWebServerFactory，并将其放到容器之中，此处点进去的代码贴在下方代码块2
EmbeddedJetty.class, //注册JettyServletWebServerFactory，并将其放到容器之中
EmbeddedUndertow.class})//注册UndertowServletWebServerFactory 并将其放到容器之中
public class ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration {
    public ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration() {
    }
    @Bean
    public ServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer servletWebServerFactoryCustomizer(ServerProperties serverProperties) {
        return new ServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer(serverProperties);
    }
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnClass(
        name = {"org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat"}
    )
    public TomcatServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer tomcatServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer(ServerProperties serverProperties) {
        return new TomcatServletWebServerFactoryCustomizer(serverProperties);
    }
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingFilterBean({ForwardedHeaderFilter.class})
    @ConditionalOnProperty(
        value = {"server.forward-headers-strategy"},
        havingValue = "framework"
    )
    public FilterRegistrationBean<ForwardedHeaderFilter> forwardedHeaderFilter() {
        ForwardedHeaderFilter filter = new ForwardedHeaderFilter();
        FilterRegistrationBean<ForwardedHeaderFilter> registration = new FilterRegistrationBean(filter, new ServletRegistrationBean[0]);
        registration.setDispatcherTypes(DispatcherType.REQUEST, new DispatcherType[]{DispatcherType.ASYNC, DispatcherType.ERROR});
        registration.setOrder(-2147483648);
        return registration;
    }
    public static class BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, BeanFactoryAware {
        private ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory;

        public BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar() {
        }
        public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
            if (beanFactory instanceof ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) {
                this.beanFactory = (ConfigurableListableBeanFactory)beanFactory;
            }

        }
        public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
            if (this.beanFactory != null) {
            //注册webServerFactoryCustomizerBeanPostProcessor后置处理器，
            //这个处理器主要是后来用于获取容器中的WebServerFactoryCustomizer类型组件，并调用其customize()方法。
                this.registerSyntheticBeanIfMissing(registry, "webServerFactoryCustomizerBeanPostProcessor", WebServerFactoryCustomizerBeanPostProcessor.class);
                this.registerSyntheticBeanIfMissing(registry, "errorPageRegistrarBeanPostProcessor", ErrorPageRegistrarBeanPostProcessor.class);
            }
        }
        private void registerSyntheticBeanIfMissing(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, String name, Class<?> beanClass) {
            if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(this.beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(beanClass, true, false))) {
                RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(beanClass);
                beanDefinition.setSynthetic(true);
                registry.registerBeanDefinition(name, beanDefinition);
            }

        }
    }
}
==================
代码块2
   static class EmbeddedTomcat {
        EmbeddedTomcat() {
        }
    //将TomcatServletWebServerFactory 放到容器之中
        @Bean
        TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcatServletWebServerFactory(ObjectProvider<TomcatConnectorCustomizer> connectorCustomizers, ObjectProvider<TomcatContextCustomizer> contextCustomizers, ObjectProvider<TomcatProtocolHandlerCustomizer<?>> protocolHandlerCustomizers) {
            TomcatServletWebServerFactory factory = new TomcatServletWebServerFactory();
            factory.getTomcatConnectorCustomizers().addAll((Collection)connectorCustomizers.orderedStream().collect(Collectors.toList()));
            factory.getTomcatContextCustomizers().addAll((Collection)contextCustomizers.orderedStream().collect(Collectors.toList()));
            factory.getTomcatProtocolHandlerCustomizers().addAll((Collection)protocolHandlerCustomizers.orderedStream().collect(Collectors.toList()));
            return factory;
        }
    }

=================
代码块3
//在把将TomcatServletWebServerFactory和webServerFactoryCustomizerBeanPostProcessor都注册到容器之中后，
//此时后置处理器就会被调用
private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(WebServerFactory webServerFactory) {
    //调用this.getCustomizers()来获取所有定制器
        ((Callbacks)LambdaSafe.callbacks(WebServerFactoryCustomizer.class, this.getCustomizers(), webServerFactory, new Object[0]).withLogger(WebServerFactoryCustomizerBeanPostProcessor.class)).invoke((customizer) -> {
            customizer.customize(webServerFactory);//调用所有定制器的customize方法
        });
    }

    private Collection<WebServerFactoryCustomizer<?>> getCustomizers() {
        if (this.customizers == null) {
            this.customizers = new ArrayList(this.getWebServerFactoryCustomizerBeans());//调用getWebServerFactoryCustomizerBeans来获得容器中所有为WebServerFactoryCustomizer的组件
            this.customizers.sort(AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
            this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);
        }

        return this.customizers;
    }

    private Collection<WebServerFactoryCustomizer<?>> getWebServerFactoryCustomizerBeans() {
        return this.beanFactory.getBeansOfType(WebServerFactoryCustomizer.class, false, false).values();
    }

================
代码块4
//在调用getWebServerFactoryCustomizerBeans()时候，我们首先来到EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration这个自动配置类之中
    @ConditionalOnClass({Tomcat.class, UpgradeProtocol.class})
    public static class TomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizerConfiguration {
        public TomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizerConfiguration() {
        }
    //返回一个TomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizer定制器并把它加入到容器之中
        @Bean
        public TomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizer tomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizer(Environment environment, ServerProperties serverProperties) {
            return new TomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizer(environment, serverProperties);
        }
    }
    
===============
代码块5
//从代码块4中，我们得知容器中已经有TomcatWebServerFactoryCustomizer这个定制器了，所以在代码块3中调用customizer.customize(webServerFactory)，就是调用这个定制器的customize方法
//接下来来看看这个定制器的customize方法,可以看到这个方法都是对这个定制器属性的一些设置
public void customize(ConfigurableTomcatWebServerFactory factory) {//这里传入的参数就是我们一开始获得的TomcatServletWebServerFactory
        ServerProperties properties = this.serverProperties;
        Tomcat tomcatProperties = properties.getTomcat();
        PropertyMapper propertyMapper = PropertyMapper.get();
        tomcatProperties.getClass();
        propertyMapper.from(tomcatProperties::getBasedir).whenNonNull().to(factory::setBaseDirectory);
        tomcatProperties.getClass();
        propertyMapper.from(tomcatProperties::getBackgroundProcessorDelay).whenNonNull().as(Duration::getSeconds).as(Long::intValue).to(factory::setBackgroundProcessorDelay);
        this.customizeRemoteIpValve(factory);
        Threads threadProperties = tomcatProperties.getThreads();
        threadProperties.getClass();
        propertyMapper.from(threadProperties::getMax).when(this::isPositive).to((maxThreads) -> {
            this.customizeMaxThreads(factory, threadProperties.getMax());
        });
        threadProperties.getClass();
        propertyMapper.from(threadProperties::getMinSpare).when(this::isPositive).to((minSpareThreads) -> {
            this.customizeMinThreads(factory, minSpareThreads);
        });
        propertyMapper.from(this.serverProperties.getMaxHttpHeaderSize()).whenNonNull().asInt(DataSize::toBytes).when(this::isPositive).to((maxHttpHeaderSize) -> {
            this.customizeMaxHttpHeaderSize(factory, maxHttpHeaderSize);
        });
        tomcatProperties.getClass();
        propertyMapper.from(tomcatProperties::getMaxSwallowSize).whenNonNull().asInt(DataSize::toBytes).to((maxSwallowSize) -> {
            this.customizeMaxSwallowSize(factory, maxSwallowSize);
        });
        tomcatProperties.getClass();
        propertyMapper.from(tomcatProperties::getMaxHttpFormPostSize).asInt(DataSize::toBytes).when((maxHttpFormPostSize) -> {
            return maxHttpFormPostSize != 0;
        }).to((maxHttpFormPostSize) -> {
            this.customizeMaxHttpFormPostSize(factory, maxHttpFormPostSize);
        });
        .......
    }

到这一步嵌入式Servlet容器的配置就结束了

我们再来通过debug来验证下这个流程，下面图片的顺序为debug跑的顺序







了解了嵌入式Servlet容器的配置，接下来来看看tomcat是怎么被启动的

//首先我们追寻主方法中的这行代码
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);

//一路点击进去，可以看到这个方法
//SpringApplication.class
    public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
        ...省略部分代码
        try {
            .....
            context = this.createApplicationContext();//创建IOC容器
            exceptionReporters = this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class, new Class[]{ConfigurableApplicationContext.class}, context);
            this.prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
            this.refreshContext(context);//刷新IOC容器，重点也在这个方法里面
            //通过debug得到context的值为AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext
            this.afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
            stopWatch.stop();
            if (this.logStartupInfo) {
                (new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)).logStarted(this.getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
            }

            listeners.started(context);
            this.callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
        } catch (Throwable var10) {
            this.handleRunFailure(context, var10, exceptionReporters, listeners);
            throw new IllegalStateException(var10);
        }
        ....
    }
//接下来我们继续追寻这个函数refreshContext的调用
//SpringApplication.class
    private void refreshContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
        if (this.registerShutdownHook) {
            try {
                context.registerShutdownHook();
            } catch (AccessControlException var3) {
            }
        }

        this.refresh((ApplicationContext)context);
    }
    protected void refresh(ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        Assert.isInstanceOf(ConfigurableApplicationContext.class, applicationContext);
        this.refresh((ConfigurableApplicationContext)applicationContext);
    }
    protected void refresh(ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        applicationContext.refresh();//applicationContext为AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext
    }
  //ServletWebServerApplicationContext.class  
    public final void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
        try {
            super.refresh();
        } catch (RuntimeException var3) {
            WebServer webServer = this.webServer;
            if (webServer != null) {
                webServer.stop();
            }

            throw var3;
        }
    }
    //AbstractApplicationContext.class
        public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
        synchronized(this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
            this.prepareRefresh();
            ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = this.obtainFreshBeanFactory();
            this.prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

            try {
                this.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
                this.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
                this.registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
                this.initMessageSource();
                this.initApplicationEventMulticaster();
                this.onRefresh();//这里是比较关键的地方ServletWebServerApplicationContext重写了这个方法
                this.registerListeners();
                this.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
                this.finishRefresh();
            } catch (BeansException var9) {
                if (this.logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
                    this.logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: " + var9);
                }

                this.destroyBeans();
                this.cancelRefresh(var9);
                throw var9;
            } finally {
                this.resetCommonCaches();
            }

        }
    }
    //ServletWebServerApplicationContext.class
    protected void onRefresh() {
        super.onRefresh();

        try {
            this.createWebServer();
        } catch (Throwable var2) {
            throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", var2);
        }
    }
    //ServletWebServerApplicationContext.class
        private void createWebServer() {
        WebServer webServer = this.webServer;
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) {
            ServletWebServerFactory factory = this.getWebServerFactory();// 还记得上面说过Springboot的自动配置会在容器中加这样一个工厂：TomcatServletWebServerFactory
            //调用了TomcatServletWebServerFactory的getWebServer方法，这个是重点，继续追进去看看
            this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(new ServletContextInitializer[]{this.getSelfInitializer()});
            this.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("webServerGracefulShutdown", new WebServerGracefulShutdownLifecycle(this.webServer));
            this.getBeanFactory().registerSingleton("webServerStartStop", new WebServerStartStopLifecycle(this, this.webServer));
        } else if (servletContext != null) {
            try {
                this.getSelfInitializer().onStartup(servletContext);
            } catch (ServletException var4) {
                throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context", var4);
            }
        }

        this.initPropertySources();
    }
    
    //TomcatServletWebServerFactory.class
        public WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
        if (this.disableMBeanRegistry) {
            Registry.disableRegistry();
        }
        Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();//追到这里总算看到了tomcat对象的创建
        File baseDir = this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory : this.createTempDir("tomcat");
        tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
        Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
        connector.setThrowOnFailure(true);
        tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
        this.customizeConnector(connector);
        tomcat.setConnector(connector);
        tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
        this.configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
        Iterator var5 = this.additionalTomcatConnectors.iterator();

        while(var5.hasNext()) {
            Connector additionalConnector = (Connector)var5.next();
            tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
        }

        this.prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
        return this.getTomcatWebServer(tomcat);//返回的这个对象，重点
    
    }
    
    //TomcatWebServer.class
     public TomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat, boolean autoStart, Shutdown shutdown) {
        this.monitor = new Object();
        this.serviceConnectors = new HashMap();
        Assert.notNull(tomcat, "Tomcat Server must not be null");
        this.tomcat = tomcat;
        this.autoStart = autoStart;
        this.gracefulShutdown = shutdown == Shutdown.GRACEFUL ? new GracefulShutdown(tomcat) : null;
        this.initialize();//构造函数中调用
    }

    private void initialize() throws WebServerException {
        logger.info("Tomcat initialized with port(s): " + this.getPortsDescription(false));
        synchronized(this.monitor) {
            try {
                this.addInstanceIdToEngineName();
                Context context = this.findContext();
                context.addLifecycleListener((event) -> {
                    if (context.equals(event.getSource()) && "start".equals(event.getType())) {
                        this.removeServiceConnectors();
                    }

                });
                this.tomcat.start();//到这一步 tomcat就起来了
                this.rethrowDeferredStartupExceptions();

                try {
                    ContextBindings.bindClassLoader(context, context.getNamingToken(), this.getClass().getClassLoader());
                } catch (NamingException var5) {
                }

                this.startDaemonAwaitThread();
            } catch (Exception var6) {
                this.stopSilently();
                this.destroySilently();
                throw new WebServerException("Unable to start embedded Tomcat", var6);
            }

        }
    }

以上就是Springboot中tomcat如何运行起来的一个流程。对于其他servelt容器，大家也可以以此类推，原理性差不多。

以上乃个人学习小结，如果错误，望大佬不吝指教