docker--常用其它命令

查看启动容器

#命令 docker run -d 镜像名！
[root@localhost /]# docker run -d centos

#问题docker ps，发现centos 停止了

#常见的坑，docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
#nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了

查看日志

docker logs -t -f --tail 容器，没有日志
#自己编写一段shell脚本
#[root@localhost /]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo liangcheng;sleep 1;done"
#[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID	IMAGE
dce7b86171bf	centos

#显示日志
-tf				#显示日志
--tail number	#要显示日志条数
[root@localhost /]#docker logs -tf --tail 10 dce7b86171bf

**查看容器中进程信息ps

#命令docker top容器id
docker top 999f22b1a473

查看镜像的元数据

#命令
docker inspect 容器id
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 76da2178968f
[
    {
        "Id": "76da2178968f60321dae9740ff2847cb050dc476b74adfb6ac84ada86c142676",
        "Created": "2020-06-12T06:24:43.282481807Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-Cwhile true:do echo liangcheng:sleep 1:done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "exited",
            "Running": false,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 0,
            "ExitCode": 2,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-06-12T06:24:43.665693567Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2020-06-12T06:24:43.662418099Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:470671670cac686c7cf0081e0b37da2e9f4f768ddc5f6a26102ccd1c6954c1ee",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/76da2178968f60321dae9740ff2847cb050dc476b74adfb6ac84ada86c142676/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/76da2178968f60321dae9740ff2847cb050dc476b74adfb6ac84ada86c142676/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/76da2178968f60321dae9740ff2847cb050dc476b74adfb6ac84ada86c142676/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/76da2178968f60321dae9740ff2847cb050dc476b74adfb6ac84ada86c142676/76da2178968f60321dae9740ff2847cb050dc476b74adfb6ac84ada86c142676-json.log",
        "Name": "/strange_saha",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bc264bcf893a51ea78a0fffe69ca2e69bed13e5e13c810c7f1959e73814d0a44-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/88440fc609592210ac6aaebc7560b0225ebcda4f7e29acc025f9297bb800738a/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bc264bcf893a51ea78a0fffe69ca2e69bed13e5e13c810c7f1959e73814d0a44/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bc264bcf893a51ea78a0fffe69ca2e69bed13e5e13c810c7f1959e73814d0a44/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/bc264bcf893a51ea78a0fffe69ca2e69bed13e5e13c810c7f1959e73814d0a44/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "76da2178968f",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-Cwhile true:do echo liangcheng:sleep 1:done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200114",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS",
                "org.opencontainers.image.created": "2020-01-14 00:00:00-08:00",
                "org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "GPL-2.0-only",
                "org.opencontainers.image.title": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.opencontainers.image.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "bdc90917097a712833061900eaffd76c2fc617beb5800e53a6eac61d565d459d",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/bdc90917097a",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "",
            "Gateway": "",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "",
            "IPPrefixLen": 0,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "914658d8ea0712b2edbd0f99a1c4a667fbfecfd9f99eb5e3eb7b1bc8b24555e7",
                    "EndpointID": "",
                    "Gateway": "",
                    "IPAddress": "",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 0,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

#我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置

#命令
docker exec -it 容器id baseshell

#测试
[root@81da1a583fc5 /]# [root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
81da1a583fc5        centos              "/bin/bash"         14 seconds ago      Up 13 seconds                           brave_lalande
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 81da1a583fc5 /bin/bash
[root@81da1a583fc5 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@81da1a583fc5 /]# ps -ef
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0  0 06:54 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         14      0  0 06:55 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         29     14  0 06:56 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef


#方式二
docker attach 容器id
#测试
[root@localhost /]#docker attach 81da1a583fc5
正在执行当前的代码...

#docker exec 	#进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
#docker attach	#进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程！

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

docker cp 容器id：容器内的路径	目的主机路径

#测试
#进入容器内部
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach e4ff51dfcb5f
[root@e4ff51dfcb5f /]# cd /home
[root@e4ff51dfcb5f home]# ls
#新建一个文件
[root@e4ff51dfcb5f home]# touch test1.java
[root@e4ff51dfcb5f home]# ls
test1.java
[root@e4ff51dfcb5f home]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
e4ff51dfcb5f        centos              "/bin/bash"         7 minutes ago       Exited (0) 21 seconds ago                       upbeat_wilbur
[root@localhost ~]# cd /home
#将文件拷贝出来到主机上
[root@localhost home]# docker cp e4ff51dfcb5f:home/test1.java /home
[root@localhost home]# ls
test1.java  test.txt

#拷贝是一个手动过程，未来使用-v卷的技术，可以自动实现同步