Ribbon的负载均衡

前面的博客用Ribbon搭建了初步的例子，但是还没实现真正的负载均衡，因为只有一个生产者，要达到负载均衡效果需要先搞三个服务提供者形成集群，然后才能演示负载均衡，以及负载均衡策略。本篇博客跟前面搭建Eureka集群一样，使用一个启动类来跑三个yml配置不同的工程，以达到集群的效果来演示负载均衡

参照microservice-student-provider-1001模块重新建一个microservice-student-provider模块

pom.xml如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.ue</groupId>
        <artifactId>microservice</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>microservice-student-provider</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 修改后立即生效，热部署 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.ue</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--添加注册中心Eureka相关配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- actuator监控引入 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

yml配置如下：

---
server:
  port: 1001
  context-path: /
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demosite1?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: root
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
  application:
    name: microservice-student
  profiles: provider-1001

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
    appname: microservice-student
    instance-id: microservice-student:1001
    prefer-ip-address: true
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.test.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.test.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.test.com:2003/eureka/

info:
  groupId: com.ue.microservice
  artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1001
  version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
  负责人: Tom
  联系电话: 123456

---
server:
  port: 1002
  context-path: /
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demosite1?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: root
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
  application:
    name: microservice-student
  profiles: provider-1002

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
    appname: microservice-student
    instance-id: microservice-student:1002
    prefer-ip-address: true
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.test.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.test.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.test.com:2003/eureka/

info:
  groupId: com.ue.microservice
  artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1002
  version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
  负责人: Tom
  联系电话: 123456

---
server:
  port: 1003
  context-path: /
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demosite1?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: root
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
  application:
    name: microservice-student
  profiles: provider-1003

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
    appname: microservice-student
    instance-id: microservice-student:1003
    prefer-ip-address: true
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.test.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.test.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.test.com:2003/eureka/

info:
  groupId: com.ue.microservice
  artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1003
  version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
  负责人: Tom
  联系电话: 123456

启动类代码如下：

package com.ue;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;

@SpringBootApplication
@EntityScan("com.ue.entity")
@EnableJpaRepositories("com.ue.repository")
@EnableEurekaClient
public class MicroserviceStudentProviderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentProviderApplication.class, args);
    }

}

然后写用来测试的接口：

@Value("${server.port}")
private String port;

@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public String ribbon(){
    return "工号【"+port+"】正在为您服务";
}

@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public String ribbon(){
    return restTemplate.getForObject(PRE_HOST + "/student/ribbon", String.class);
}

然后用这个新建的项目的启动类配置多个Run Configuration：

然后依次启动两个注册中心、三个生产端、一个消费端：

然后在浏览器地址栏输入http://eureka2001.test.com:2001，可看到服务提供者的注册情况：

然后访问http://localhost/student/list，多刷新几次看页面上显示的内容，可轮询看到访问对应的服务提供者的端口：

但是这种默认的轮询策略是不能满足实际需求的，比如有3个服务提供者，如果突然挂了一个，这样的话，默认轮询时总有1/3的概率会访问失败，所以可以看下ribbon提供的策略还有哪些：

策略名	策略声明	策略描述	实现说明
BestAvailableRule	public class BestAvailableRule extends ClientConfigEnabledRoundRobinRule	选择一个最小的并发请求的server	逐个考察Server，如果Server被tripped了，则忽略，在选择其中ActiveRequestsCount最小的server
AvailabilityFilteringRule	public class AvailabilityFilteringRule extends PredicateBasedRule	过滤掉那些因为一直连接失败的被标记为circuit tripped的后端server，并过滤掉那些高并发的的后端server（active connections 超过配置的阈值）	使用一个AvailabilityPredicate来包含过滤server的逻辑，其实就就是检查status里记录的各个server的运行状态
WeightedResponseTimeRule	public class WeightedResponseTimeRule extends RoundRobinRule	根据响应时间分配一个weight，响应时间越长，weight越小，被选中的可能性越低	一个后台线程定期的从status里面读取评价响应时间，为每个server计算一个weight。Weight的计算也比较简单responsetime 减去每个server自己平均的responsetime是server的权重。当刚开始运行，没有形成status时，使用roubine策略选择server。
RetryRule	public class RetryRule extends AbstractLoadBalancerRule	对选定的负载均衡策略机上重试机制	在一个配置时间段内当选择server不成功，则一直尝试使用subRule的方式选择一个可用的server
RoundRobinRule	public class RoundRobinRule extends AbstractLoadBalancerRule	roundRobin方式轮询选择server	轮询index，选择index对应位置的server
RandomRule	public class RandomRule extends AbstractLoadBalancerRule	随机选择一个server	在index上随机，选择index对应位置的server
ZoneAvoidanceRule	public class ZoneAvoidanceRule extends PredicateBasedRule	复合判断server所在区域的性能和server的可用性选择server	使用ZoneAvoidancePredicate和AvailabilityPredicate来判断是否选择某个server，前一个判断判定一个zone的运行性能是否可用，剔除不可用的zone（的所有server），AvailabilityPredicate用于过滤掉连接数过多的Server

使用这些策略的时候就在服务消费端SpringCloudConfig配置类中指定IRule实现接口即可，如使用RetryRule：

以上就是如何搭建一个生产端集群并使用Ribbon进行负载均衡的全部内容，在消费端调用生产端时也由原来的根据生产者的IP+端口来调用改成了根据生产者在Eureka注册中心注册的应用名称来调用