在前面的博客里已经集成了通过Ribbon去调用注册中心里已注册好的服务,但这样还是会使代码不方便维护,原因如下图:
Feign简介
Feign是一个声明式的Web Service客户端,它使得编写Web Serivce客户端变得更加简单。只需要使用Feign来创建一个接口并用注解来配置它既可完成,它具备可插拔的注解支持,包括Feign注解和JAX-RS注解,Feign也支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。SpringCloud为Feign增加了对SpringMVC注解的支持,还整合了Ribbon和Eureka来提供均衡负载的HTTP客户端实现。
这段话可能看起来比较懵逼,这里说下实际使用,前面使用Ribbon来调用服务提供者,是通过restTemplate来调用的,缺点是,多个地方调用,同一个请求要写多次,不方便统一维护,这时候Feign来了,就可以直接把请求统一搞一个service作为FeignClient,然后其他调用Controller需要用到的,直接注入service,直接调用service方法即可;同时Feign整合了Ribbon和Eureka,所以要配置负载均衡的话,直接配置Ribbon即可,无其他特殊地方;当然Fiegn也整合了服务容错保护,断路器Hystrix
Feign应用
1、在common项目里建一个service(实际项目肯定是多个service)作为Feign客户端,用Feign客户端来调用服务器提供者,当然可以配置负载均衡;Feign客户端定义的目的,就是为了方便给其他项目调用
修改microservice-common模块,在pom.xml引入Feign的依赖:
<!--引入Feign依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
</dependency>
定义一个FeignClient,同时指定调用的服务名称MICROSERVICE-STUDENT
建StudentClientService接口:
package com.ue.service;
import com.ue.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Student Feign接口客户端
* @author Administrator
*/
@FeignClient(value="MICROSERVICE-STUDENT")
public interface StudentClientService {
/**
* 根据id查询学生信息
* @param id
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value="/student/get/{id}")
public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
/**
* 查询学生信息
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value="/student/list")
public List<Student> list();
/**
* 添加或者修改学生信息
* @param student
* @return
*/
@PostMapping(value="/student/save")
public boolean save(Student student);
/**
* 根据id删除学生信息
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value="/student/delete/{id}")
public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
@RequestMapping("/student/ribbon")
public String ribbon();
}
2、新建一个Feign消费者项目
参考microservice-student-consumer-80模块建一个microservice-student-consumer-feign-80模块,代码都复制一份,包括pom.xml
pom依赖如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.ue</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservice-student-consumer-feign-80</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.ue</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<!--ribbon相关依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--引入Feign依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
SpringCloudConfig.java:
package com.ue.config;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RetryRule;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
/**
* SpringCloud相关配置
* @author Administrator
*/
@Configuration
public class SpringCloudConfig {
/**
* 调用服务模版
* @return
*/
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
/**
* 自定义调用规则(服务提供者掉线后不再调用,解决轮询问题)
* @return
*/
@Bean
public IRule myRule(){
return new RetryRule();
}
}
yml配置:
server:
port: 80
context-path: /
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: false
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka2001.test.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.test.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.test.com:2003/eureka/
3、在启动类里加注解
在启动类里加个注解@EnableFeignClients支持Feign:
package com.ue;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;
@SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients(value = "com.ue.*")
public class MicroserviceStudentConsumerFeign80Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentConsumerFeign80Application.class, args);
}
}
4、修改controller
修改StudentConsumerController.java,因为现在是用Fiegn,所以把restTemplate去掉,改成注入service,通过调用service方法来实现服务的调用:
package com.ue.controller;
import com.ue.entity.Student;
import com.ue.service.StudentClientService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author Administrator
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentConsumerController {
@Autowired
private StudentClientService studentClientService;
@PostMapping(value = "/save")
private boolean save(Student student) {
return studentClientService.save(student);
}
@GetMapping(value = "/list")
public List<Student> list() {
return studentClientService.list();
}
@GetMapping(value = "/get/{id}")
public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
return studentClientService.get(id);
}
@GetMapping(value = "/delete/{id}")
public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
try {
studentClientService.delete(id);
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
return false;
}
}
@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public String ribbon(){
return studentClientService.ribbon();
}
}
5、测试负载均衡
依次启动两个注册中心、三个生产端、一个消费端:
然后在浏览器地址栏输入http://eureka2001.test.com:2001,可看到服务提供者的注册情况:
然后访问http://localhost/student/list,多刷新几次看页面上显示的内容: