flask-docker更新（mysql更新为容器）

---

前言

之前用docker编写了一个flask的简单demo，但是里面的mysql用的本地的，当时是自己偷懒用了本地的，现在空余时间重新处理了mysql容器重新更新一下

一、docker-compose.yml示例

version: '3'

services:
  flask:
    build:
      context: ./app
    container_name: flask
    ports:
      - "5001:5000" # Flask's internal port mapped to host port 5001
    volumes:
      - D:\python\app:/home/app
    environment:
      PYTHONUNBUFFERED: 'true'
      DATABASE_URL: mysql://python:python_123456@mysql:3306/python_db
      REDIS_URL: redis://redis:6379/0
    networks:
      - app_network

  nginx:
    build:
      context: ./nginx
    container_name: nginx
    ports:
      - "5000:5000" # Nginx's internal port 5000 mapped to host port 5000
    depends_on:
      - flask
    volumes:
      - ./nginx/conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d
    networks:
      - app_network
  # 容器mysql
  mysql:
    build:
      context: ./mysql
    container_name: mysql
    ports:
      - "3307:3306" # MySQL's internal port 3306 mapped to host port 3307
    volumes:
      - ./mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql
      - ./mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456
      MYSQL_DATABASE: python_db
      MYSQL_USER: python
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: python_123456
    networks:
      - app_network

  redis:
    build:
      context: ./redis
    container_name: redis
    ports:
      - "6380:6379" # Redis's internal port 6379 mapped to host port 6380

  supervisord:
    build:
      context: ./supervisord
    container_name: supervisord
    ports:
      - "9001:9001" # Supervisord's web interface port
    volumes:
      - ./supervisord/conf:/etc/supervisor/conf.d
    depends_on:
      - flask
      - nginx
    networks:
      - app_network

networks:
  app_network:
    driver: bridge

二、使用步骤

1.安装拓展

代码如下（示例）：

# Use Python 3.8.6 base image
FROM python:3.8.6

# Set the working directory in the container
WORKDIR /home/app

# Copy requirements file to the container
COPY requirements.txt /home/app/

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y lsof

# Install the dependencies
# RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
RUN pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple -r requirements.txt
# RUN pip install Flask Flask-MySQLdb mysqlclient flask-login bcrypt Flask-SQLAlchemy PyMySQ
RUN pip install Flask Flask-MySQLdb mysqlclient flask-login bcrypt Flask-SQLAlchemy PyMySQL Flask-Migrate
# RUN pip install flask-restful

# 跨域访问
# RUN pip install flask-cors

# JWT
RUN pip install flask-jwt-extended

# SocketIO
RUN pip install eventlet flask-socketio

# requests
RUN pip install requests


# Copy the application code to the container
COPY . /home/app/

# Expose the Flask port
EXPOSE 5000

# Start the Flask application with Gunicorn
CMD ["gunicorn", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:5000", "--worker-class", "gthread", "--threads", "4", "wsgi:app"]

2.flask配置mysql连接

代码如下（示例）：

from flask import Flask
from flask_login import LoginManager
# from .models import init_app as init_models
from .models import db
# 这里使用views.init_app()方法初始化视图蓝图，也可以把文件夹名称改成其他比如controller/api之类的
from .views import init_views
# from flask_mysqldb import MySQL
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy

#引入日志
import logging
from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler

# 引入数据库迁移扩展
from flask_migrate import Migrate

# 引入 restful 扩展
# from flask_restful import Api, Resource, reqparse

# 引入 JWT 扩展
from flask_jwt_extended import JWTManager, create_access_token, jwt_required

# mysql = MySQL()
# 初始化 SQLAlchemy
db = SQLAlchemy()

def create_app():
    app = Flask(__name__)

    # 初始化 restful 扩展
    # api = Api(app, default_mediatype="application/json")

    app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'test'  # 用于加密会话数据
    
    # 配置 MySQL 数据库连接 -- mysql+pymysql://用户名:密码@ip:端口/数据库名称
    # app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'mysql+pymysql://python:python_123456@0.0.0.0:3306/python_db'
    app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'mysql+pymysql://python:python_123456@mysql:3306/python_db'

    # 禁用 SQLAlchemy 的修改追踪功能，这样可以提高性能
    app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = False

    # 初始化 db
    db.init_app(app)

    # 初始化数据库迁移扩展
    migrate = Migrate(app, db)

    # 初始化 JWT 扩展
    jwt = JWTManager(app)

    # login_manager = LoginManager()
    # login_manager.init_app(app)
    # login_manager.login_view = 'index.login'  # 定义登录视图的端点

    # 注册视图蓝图
    init_views(app)

    # 配置日志记录器
    if not app.debug:
        handler = RotatingFileHandler('app.log', maxBytes=1000000, encoding='utf-8', backupCount=3)
        handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
        formatter = logging.Formatter(
            '%(asctime)s %(levelname)s: %(message)s [in %(pathname)s:%(lineno)d]'
        )
        handler.setFormatter(formatter)
        app.logger.addHandler(handler)
        app.logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

    return app

3.简单使用

视图：

# 查询所有用户
@index_blueprint.route('/users', methods=['GET'])
#jwt修饰器，代表该接口需要使用token验证 格式 - Authorization:Bearer 
@jwt_required()
def get_all_users():
    logging.debug('This is a debug message')
    try:
        users = User.get_all_users()
        user_dicts = [user.to_dict() for user in users]
        return jsonify(user_dicts), 200
    except Exception as e:
        logging.error(f"Error fetching users: {e}")
        return jsonify({"error": "An error occurred"}), 500

# 创建新用户
@index_blueprint.route('/create_user', methods=['POST'])
def create_user():
    data = request.get_json()
    username = data.get('username')
    password = data.get('password')
    try:
        User.add_user(username, password)
        return jsonify({'message': 'User created successfully!'}), 201
    except Exception as e:
        logging.error(f"Error creating user: {e}")
        abort(500)

模型：

from app import db

import logging

class User(db.Model):
    # __tablename__ = 'user'

    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(255), unique=True, nullable=False)
    password = db.Column(db.String(255), nullable=False)

    def __init__(self, username, password):
        self.username = username
        self.password = password

    def __repr__(self):
        return f'<User {self.username}>'

    def to_dict(self):
        return {
            'id': self.id,
            'username': self.username
        }

    @staticmethod
    def get_all_users():
        return User.query.all()
    
    @staticmethod
    def add_user(username, password):
        new_user = User(username=username, password=password)
        db.session.add(new_user)
        db.session.commit()
        return new_user

蓝图注册：

def init_views(app):
    # 注册index蓝图
    from .index import index_blueprint
    app.register_blueprint(index_blueprint)

4.简单使用（join）

文章模型

class Article(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    title = db.Column(db.String(255), nullable=False)
    body = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)
    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'), nullable=False)
    user = db.relationship('User', backref=db.backref('articles', lazy=True))

查询

from sqlalchemy.orm import joinedload

# 获取所有用户及其对应的文章
users_with_posts = db.session.query(User).options(joinedload(User.articles)).all()

# 通过 JOIN 查询所有用户及他们的文章标题
result = db.session.query(User, Article).join(Article, User.id == Article.user_id).all()
for user, post in result:
    print(f'User: {user.username}, Article Title: {article.title}')