剑指Offer 面试题5：替换空格

面试题5：替换空格

题目：

请实现一个函数，把字符串中的每个空格替换成“%20”。例如，输入“We are happy.”则输出“We%20are%20happy”

• 思路
  先计算所有空格数，然后按照所有空格数的数量实现计算出最后一个字符所在位置，再从后往前遍历用两个指针复制字符，如果遇到空格就将代替字符写入，直到两个指针相等。

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <string>

void ReplaceBlank(char *string, unsigned int length)
{
	if (string == nullptr || length < 1)
		return;

	int i = 0;
	unsigned int blankCount = 0;
	unsigned int originalLength = 0;
	while (string[i]!='\0')
	{
		originalLength++;
		if (string[i] == ' ')
			blankCount++;
		i++;
	}
	unsigned newLength = originalLength + blankCount*2;
	if (newLength > length)
		return;

	int indexOfNew = newLength;
	int indexOfOriginal = originalLength;

	while (indexOfOriginal >= 0&&indexOfNew>indexOfOriginal)
	{
		if (string[indexOfOriginal]==' ')
		{
			indexOfOriginal--;
			string[indexOfNew--] = '0';
			string[indexOfNew--] = '2';
			string[indexOfNew--] = '%';
		}
		else
			string[indexOfNew--] = string[indexOfOriginal--];
	}


}


// ====================测试代码====================
void Test(char* testName, char str[], int length, char expected[])
{
	if (testName != nullptr)
		printf("%s begins: ", testName);

	ReplaceBlank(str, length);

	if (expected == nullptr && str == nullptr)
		printf("passed.\n");
	else if (expected == nullptr && str != nullptr)
		printf("failed.\n");
	else if (strcmp(str, expected) == 0)
		printf("passed.\n");
	else
		printf("failed.\n");
}

// 空格在句子中间
void Test1()
{
	const int length = 100;

	char str[length] = "hello world";
	Test("Test1", str, length, "hello%20world");
}

// 空格在句子开头
void Test2()
{
	const int length = 100;

	char str[length] = " helloworld";
	Test("Test2", str, length, "%20helloworld");
}

// 空格在句子末尾
void Test3()
{
	const int length = 100;

	char str[length] = "helloworld ";
	Test("Test3", str, length, "helloworld%20");
}

// 连续有两个空格
void Test4()
{
	const int length = 100;

	char str[length] = "hello  world";
	Test("Test4", str, length, "hello%20%20world");
}

// 传入nullptr
void Test5()
{
	Test("Test5", nullptr, 0, nullptr);
}

// 传入内容为空的字符串
void Test6()
{
	const int length = 100;

	char str[length] = "";
	Test("Test6", str, length, "");
}

//传入内容为一个空格的字符串
void Test7()
{
	const int length = 100;

	char str[length] = " ";
	Test("Test7", str, length, "%20");
}

// 传入的字符串没有空格
void Test8()
{
	const int length = 100;

	char str[length] = "helloworld";
	Test("Test8", str, length, "helloworld");
}

// 传入的字符串全是空格
void Test9()
{
	const int length = 100;

	char str[length] = "   ";
	Test("Test9", str, length, "%20%20%20");
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	Test1();
	Test2();
	Test3();
	Test4();
	Test5();
	Test6();
	Test7();
	Test8();
	Test9();

	return 0;
}