小白学框架之SpringBoot(三)

SpringBoot+JPA

一、设置配置文件

application-dev.yml

spring:
	datasource:
   		url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/missyou?characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
     	username: root
     	password: 123Abc456
	jpa:
  		hibernate:
  	  		ddl-auto: update
  		properties:
  	  		hibernate:
  	    		show_sql:true
  	    		format_sql:true

二、maven依赖

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>mysql</groupId>
  <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
  <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

三、JPA在SpringBoot中应用

1、实体映射到表
@Entity

package com.lin.missyou.model;

import lombok.Data;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Data
@Entity
@Table(name="banner")
public class Banner extends BaseEntity {
    @Id
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String description;
    private String title;
    private String img;
	
	//....
}

2、@Column的常用属性总结：
name :字段名称；
unique :true/false—>唯一标识；
nullable :true/false---->是否可以为NULL;
insertable :true/false---->在执行insert时是否插入值；
updatable :true/false----->执行update时是否更新字段值；
table:字段所在地表名；
length:字段长度；

3、表关系定义
3.1、单向一对多
@OneToMany
@JoinColumn(name=“bannerId”)
当不通过@JoinColumn(name=“bannerId”)设置关联外键时JPA会自动生成一张关系表

//banner
package com.lin.missyou.model;

import lombok.Data;
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.List;

@Data
@Entity
@Table(name="banner")
public class Banner extends BaseEntity {
    @Id
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private String description;
    private String title;
    private String img;

	//一个banner对应多个BannerItem
    @OneToMany(fetch=FetchType.LAZY)  	//急加载
    @JoinColumn(name="bannerId")  		//指明外键的名称
    private List<BannerItem> items;
}

//bannerItem
package com.lin.missyou.model;

import lombok.Data;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;

@Entity
@Data
public class BannerItem extends BaseEntity {
    @Id
    private int id;
    private String img;
    private String keyword;
    private short type;
    private String name;
	//外键
    private Long bannerId;
}

3.2、双向一对多
关系被维护方（一端）

package com.lin.missyou.model;

import lombok.Data;

import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.List;

@Data
@Entity
@Table(name="banner")
public class Banner extends BaseEntity {
    @Id
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String description;
    private String title;
    private String img;
    
    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "banner",fetch =  FetchType.LAZY)
    private List<BannerItem> items;
}

关系维护方（多端）

import lombok.Data;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;

@Entity
@Data
public class BannerItem extends BaseEntity {
    @Id
    private int id;
    private String img;
    private String keyword;
    private short type;
    private String name;
    
    @ManyToOne
    private Banner banner;
}

4、JPA查询
4.1、自定义接口继承JpaRepository接口
JpaRepositor接收两个泛型
1）操作实体类的类型：这里还是以之前的Banner实体类为示例
2）实体类主键的类型

package com.lin.missyou.repository;

import com.lin.missyou.model.Banner;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

public interface BannerRepository extends JpaRepository<Banner,Long> {

   Banner findOneById(Long id);

   Banner findOneByName(String name);
}

4.2、service层调用接口进行查询

package com.lin.missyou.service;

import com.lin.missyou.model.Banner;
import com.lin.missyou.repository.BannerRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class BannerServiceImpl implements BannerService {
    @Autowired
    private BannerRepository bannerRepository;

    @Override
    public Banner getByName(String name) {
      return   bannerRepository.findOneByName(name);
    }

    @Override
    public Banner getById(Long id) {
        return bannerRepository.findOneById(id);
    }
}

4.3、controller层调用service层返回到前端数据查询结果

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/banner")
@Validated
public class BannerController {

    @Autowired
    BannerService bannerService;
    
    @GetMapping("/name/{name}")
    public Banner getByName(@PathVariable @NotBlank String name) {
       Banner banner =  bannerService.getByName(name);
       if(banner == null){
           throw new NotFoundException(30005);
       }
       return banner;
    }
}

结果展示：

这里附上后台打印的sql语句

Hibernate: 
    select
        banner0_.id as id1_0_,
        banner0_.create_time as create_t2_0_,
        banner0_.delete_time as delete_t3_0_,
        banner0_.update_time as update_t4_0_,
        banner0_.description as descript5_0_,
        banner0_.img as img6_0_,
        banner0_.name as name7_0_,
        banner0_.title as title8_0_ 
    from
        banner banner0_ 
    where
        banner0_.name=?
Hibernate: 
    select
        items0_.banner_id as banner_i5_1_0_,
        items0_.id as id1_1_0_,
        items0_.id as id1_1_1_,
        items0_.create_time as create_t2_1_1_,
        items0_.delete_time as delete_t3_1_1_,
        items0_.update_time as update_t4_1_1_,
        items0_.banner_id as banner_i5_1_1_,
        items0_.img as img6_1_1_,
        items0_.keyword as keyword7_1_1_,
        items0_.name as name8_1_1_,
        items0_.type as type9_1_1_ 
    from
        banner_item items0_ 
    where
        items0_.banner_id=?

从打印的sql可以看到jpa查询了两张表这是因为我在导航属性上设置了急加载@OneToMany(fetch=FetchType.LAZY)。jpa默认情况下是懒加载的，这样会提高查询性能。