Python之函数参数传递问题

最近在学习python，python中的数据类型比较多样，函数中参数的传递会不会改变值的问题如果不加注意很容易与Java或C++搞混，在这里整理一下，供以后学习用。
首先要知道在python中类型是对象的一个性质，而不是变量，变量是没有类型的，它仅仅是一个引用（类似于指针）。因此我们之后谈到的“可变”和“不可变”都是指一种对象。

一、不可变类型

1、整型、浮点型等

# 1、整型、浮点型等（不可变）
def changeInt(x, y):
    x, y = y, x + y
    print("函数内：x = ", x, "，y = ", y)

#测试   
a, b = 4, 5
changeInt(a, b)
print("调用后：a = ", a, "，b = ", b)  # 结果是4和5而不是5和9


def changeDouble(x, y):
    x, y = y, x + y
    print("函数内：x = ", x, "，y = ", y)
    
#测试   
a, b = 2.4, 3.0
changeDouble(a, b)
print("调用后：a = ", a, "，b = ", b)  # 结果是2.4和3.0而不是3.0和5.4

代码结果：

函数内：x = 5 ，y = 9
调用后：a = 4 ，b = 5
函数内：x = 3.0 ，y = 5.4
调用后：a = 2.4 ，b = 3.0

2、字符串型

def changeString(string):
    string = "ABC"
    print("函数内：string = ", string)

#测试   
Str = "abc"
changeString(Str)
print("调用后：Str = ", Str)

代码结果：

函数内：string = ABC
调用后：Str = abc

3、元组

def changeTuple(Tuple):
    Tuple = (4, 5, 6)
    print("函数内：Tuple = ", Tuple)

#测试   
Tup = (1, 2, 3)
changeTuple(Tup)
print("调用后：Tup = ", Tup)

代码结果：

函数内：Tuple = (4, 5, 6)
调用后：Tup = (1, 2, 3)

二、可变类型

1、列表

def changeList(List):
    List.append("add1")
    print("函数内：List = ", List)

#测试   
Li = ["ori1", "ori2", "ori3"]
print("调用前：Li = ", Li)
changeList(Li)
print("调用后：Li = ", Li)

代码结果：

调用前：Li = [‘ori1’, ‘ori2’, ‘ori3’]
函数内：List = [‘ori1’, ‘ori2’, ‘ori3’, ‘add1’]
调用后：Li = [‘ori1’, ‘ori2’, ‘ori3’, ‘add1’]

2、字典

def changeDict(Dictionary, key):
    Dictionary[key] = 19
    print("函数内：Dictionary = ", Dictionary)

#测试   
Dict = {"Name": "ZML", "Age": 20}
print("调用前：Dict = ", Dict)
changeDict(Dict, "Age")
print("调用后：Dict = ", Dict)

代码结果：

调用前：Dict = {‘Name’: ‘ZML’, ‘Age’: 20}
函数内：Dictionary = {‘Name’: ‘ZML’, ‘Age’: 19}
调用后：Dict = {‘Name’: ‘ZML’, ‘Age’: 19}

3、集合

def changeSet(Set):
    Set.add(6)
    print("函数内：Set = ", Set)

#测试   
s = {1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 5}
print("调用前：s = ", s)
changeSet(s)
print("调用后：s = ", s)

代码结果：

调用前：s = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
函数内：Set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
调用后：s = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

4、自定义类的实例

# 定义类
class MyClass:
    def __init__(self):
        self.x = 1
        self.y = 2


def changeInstance(myInstance):
    myInstance.x = 2
    myInstance.y = 3
    print("函数内：myInstance.x = ", myInstance.x, "，myInstance.y = ", myInstance.y)

#测试   
ins = MyClass()  #创建一个实例
print("调用前：ins.x = ", ins.x, "，ins.y = ", ins.y)
changeInstance(ins)
print("调用后：ins.x = ", ins.x, "，ins.y = ", ins.y)

代码结果：

调用前：ins.x = 1 ，ins.y = 2
函数内：myInstance.x = 2 ，myInstance.y = 3
调用后：ins.x = 2 ，ins.y = 3

以上就是个人理解的python函数中参数传递的问题，如果有错误，欢迎指出。