k8s中Service(svc)的类型使用

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-18 08:03:26 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-18 08:03:26 发布

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分类专栏： svc 文章标签： devops

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42715225/article/details/109313655

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前言

k8s中svc有三种类型，分别为ClusterIP、NodePort、LoadBalancer

作用

能够解耦前端和后端的关联

类型用途及其使用

部署的应用为无状态应用服务，参考k8s中部署无状态(deployment)服务，此技术文档以此参考，通过deployment控制器部署了Pod资源，在此基础上，去实现service的类型应用实现

ClusterIP

概述
分配一个内部集群IP地址，只能在集群内部访问(同Namespace内的Pod)，默认ServiceType，ClusterIP模式的Service默认提供的，就是一个Pod的稳定的IP地址，即VIP，访问地址: :
yaml文本示例

cat > ng-svc-clusterip.yaml <<-EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
    name: nginx-clusterip
    namespace: default
spec:
    selector:
        app: nginx-dev	# 为Pod资源的app键值
    type: ClusterIP
    ports:
       - protocol: TCP
         targetPort: 80
         port: 80
EOF

查看其svc相关信息

]# kubectl apply -f ng-svc-clusterip.yaml
]# kubectl get svc -n default | grep nginx
nginx--clusterip              ClusterIP      172.21.6.109    <none>                                        80/TCP               18m

访问其应用服务

]# curl 172.21.6.109
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

NodePort

概述
分配一个内部集群IP地址，并在每个节点上启用一个端口来暴露服务，可以在集群内部访问，访问地址: :
要点
类型缺陷

a. 端口容器冲突
b. NodePort属于四层，不能做七层的事，比如根据域名/url进行转发
c. 不能统一入口

yaml文本示例

cat > ng-svc-nodeport.yaml <<-EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
    name: nginx-nodeport
    namespace: default
spec:
    selector:
        app: nginx-dev
    type: NodePort
    ports:
       - protocol: TCP
         targetPort: 80
         port: 8020
EOF

查看其svc相关信息

]# kubectl apply -f ng-svc-nodeport.yaml
]# kubectl get svc -n default | grep nginx
nginx-nodeport          NodePort       172.21.12.177   <none>                                        8020:30076/TCP       48m

其中8020:30076的8020为内部集群端口，而30076为公网ip/NodeIP端口

访问其应用服务

a.内部集群访问

]# curl 172.21.12.177:8020
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

b.通过公网ip/NodeIP访问

]# curl 公网ip/NodeIP:30076
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

LoadBalancer

概述
分配一个内部集群IP地址，并在每个节点上启用一个端口来暴露服务，除此之外，k8s会请求底层云平台上的负载均衡器，将每个Node ([NodeIP]:[NodePort])作为后端添加进去
yaml文本示例

cat > ng-svc-lb.yaml <<-EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  annotations:
    service.beta.kubernetes.io/alibaba-cloud-loadbalancer-id: "lb-wxxx"		# 负载均衡器的实例id值
    service.beta.kubernetes.io/alibaba-cloud-loadbalancer-force-override-listeners: "true"
  name: nginx-lb
  namespace: default
spec:
  selector:
    app: nginx-dev
  type: LoadBalancer
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      targetPort: 80
      port: 8030

查看其svc相关信息

]# kubectl apply -f ng-svc-lb.yaml
]# kubectl get svc -n default | grep nginx
nginx-lb                LoadBalancer   172.21.11.211   120.76.70.149                                  8030:30636/TCP       54s

其中8030:30076的8030为内部集群端口，而30636为公网ip/NodeIP端口

访问其应用服务

a.内部集群访问

]# curl 172.21.11.211:8030
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

b.通过负载均衡器IP访问

]# curl 120.76.70.149:8030
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

c.通过公网ip/NodeIP访问

]# curl 公网ip/NodeIP:30636
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
    body {
        width: 35em;
        margin: 0 auto;
        font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
    }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>

结语

… …

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k8s中Service(svc)的类型使用

前言k8s中svc有三种类型，分别为ClusterIP、NodePort、LoadBalancer类型用途及其使用部署的应用为无状态应用服务，参考k8s中部署无状态(deployment)服务，此技术文档以此参考，通过deployment控制器部署了Pod资源，在此基础上，去实现service的类型应用实现ClusterIP概述分配一个内部集群IP地址，只能在集群内部访问(同Namespace内的Pod)，默认ServiceType，ClusterIP模式的Service默认提供的，就是一个
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