Python-菜鸟练习100题

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已于 2022-06-27 10:09:41 修改

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分类专栏： # Python 文章标签： python

于 2021-08-12 17:02:21 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42724501/article/details/118517133

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记录python学习的每一刻：

eg1:有四个数字：1、2、3、4，能组成多少个互不相同且无重复数字的三位数？各是多少？

for i in range(1,5):
    for j in range(1,5):
        for k in range(1,5):
            if(i!=j) and (i!=k) and (j!=k):
                print(i,j,k)

eg2:企业发放的奖金根据利润提成。利润(I)低于或等于10万元时，奖金可提10%；利润高于10万元，低于20万元时，低于10万元的部分按10%提成，高于10万元的部分，可提成7.5%；20万到40万之间时，高于20万元的部分，可提成5%；40万到60万之间时高于40万元的部分，可提成3%；60万到100万之间时，高于60万元的部分，可提成1.5%，高于100万元时，超过100万元的部分按1%提成，从键盘输入当月利润I，求应发放奖金总数？

i = float(input('请输入您的利润额：'))
arr = [1000000,600000,400000,200000,100000,0]
rat = [0.01,0.015,0.03,0.05,0.075,0.1]
r = 0
for idx in range(0,6):
    if i > arr[idx]:
        r+=(i-arr[idx])*rat[idx]
        i=arr[idx]
print('发放奖金总数为：',r)

eg3:一个整数，它加上100后是一个完全平方数，再加上168又是一个完全平方数，请问该数是多少？

import math
a = int(math.sqrt(168))+1
for i in range(1,a):
    if 168 % i ==0:
        j = 168 / i
        if (i+j)%2 == 0 and (i-j)%2 == 0:
            m = (i+j)/2
            n = (i-j)/2
            x = n*n-100
            print(x)

eg4:输入某年某月某日，判断这一天是这一年的第几天？

year = int(input("请输入年份："))
month = int(input("请输入月份："))
day = int(input("请输入日："))
sum = 0
arr = [0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334]

if 0 < month <= 12:
    sum = arr[month-1]
else:
    print("您输入的数据有误！！！！")
sum = sum + day
leap = 0
if (year % 400 == 0) or ((year % 4 ==0) and (year % 100 !=0)):
    leap = 1
if (leap == 1) and (month >= 2):
    sum = sum +1
print("It is the %dth day" % sum)

eg5:输入三个整数x,y,z，请把这三个数由小到大输出

value = []
for i in range(1,4):
    x = int(input("请输入值："))
    value.append(x)
for k in range(0,2):
     if value[k] > value[k+1]:
         t = value[k+1]
         value[k+1] = value[k]
         value[k] = t
print(value)

eg6:斐波那契数列

def fib(n):
    if n == 0:
        return 0
    if n==1 or n==2:
        return 1
    else:
        return fib(n-1)+fib(n-2)
print(fib(10))

eg7:将一个列表的数据复制到另一个列表中

import re

a = input("请输入数组a:")
print(type(re.split('\s',a)))
b = list(map(int,re.split('\s',a)))
s = a[:]
print(s)

eg8:输出 9*9 乘法口诀表

for i in range(1,10):
    print()
    for j in range(1,i+1):
        print("%d * %d = %d"%(i,j,i*j),end=" ")

eg9:暂停一秒输出

import re
import time

a = input("请输入字符串：")
s = list(map(int,re.split('\s',a)))
for i in range(len(s)):
    print(s[i])
    time.sleep(1)

eg10:暂停一秒输出，并格式化当前时间

import time
print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime(time.time())))
time.sleep(1)
print(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime(time.time())))
print(type(time.time()))
print(type(time.localtime()))
print(type(time.localtime(time.time())))

eg11:古典问题：有一对兔子，从出生后第3个月起每个月都生一对兔子，小兔子长到第三个月后每个月又生一对兔子，假如兔子都不死，问每个月的兔子总数为多少？

def fib(n):
    if n == 1 or n == 2:
        return 2
    else:
        return fib(n-1)+fib(n-2)
t = int(input("请输入天数："))
print("第%d天后共有兔子%d只"%(t,fib(t)))

eg12:判断101-200之间有多少个素数，并输出所有素数

import math

sum = 0
leap = 1
for i in range(101,201):
    for j in range(2,int(math.sqrt(i+1))+1):
        if i % j ==0 :
            leap = 0
            break
    if leap == 1:
        print(i)
        sum += 1
    leap =1
print("101~201之间共有%d个素数"%sum)

eg13:打印出所有的"水仙花数"，所谓"水仙花数"是指一个三位数，其各位数字立方和等于该数本身。例如：153是一个"水仙花数"，因为153=1的三次方＋5的三次方＋3的三次方

for i in range(100,1000):
    n = i // 100           #百位数
    m = i % 100 // 10      #十位数
    k = i % 10             #个位数
    if n*n*n + m*m*m + k*k*k == i:
        print(i)

eg14:将一个正整数分解质因数。例如：输入90,打印出90=233*5

def reduceNum(n):
    print("{} =".format(n),end=" ")
    if not isinstance(n,int) or n<=0:
        print("请输入一个正确的数字！")
        exit(0)
    elif n == 1:
        print("{}".format(1),end=" ")
    while n not in [1]:
        for i in range(2,n+1):
            if n%i == 0:
                n //= i
                if n == 1:
                    print(i)
                else:
                    print("{} *".format(i),end=" ")
            # break
reduceNum(int(input("input a num:")))

eg15:利用条件运算符的嵌套来完成此题：学习成绩>=90分的同学用A表示，60-89分之间的用B表示，60分以下的用C表示

score = int(input('输入分数:\n'))
if score >= 90:
    grade = 'A'
elif score >= 60:
    grade = 'B'
else:
    grade = 'C'

print('%d 属于 %s' % (score, grade))

eg16:输出指定格式的日期

import datetime

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 输出今日日期，格式为 dd/mm/yyyy。更多选项可以查看 strftime() 方法
    print(datetime.date.today().strftime('%d/%m/%Y'))

    # 创建日期对象
    miyazakiBirthDate = datetime.date(1941, 1, 5)

    print(miyazakiBirthDate.strftime('%d/%m/%Y'))

    # 日期算术运算
    miyazakiBirthNextDay = miyazakiBirthDate + datetime.timedelta(days=1)

    print(miyazakiBirthNextDay.strftime('%d/%m/%Y'))

    # 日期替换
    miyazakiFirstBirthday = miyazakiBirthDate.replace(year=miyazakiBirthDate.year + 1)

    print(miyazakiFirstBirthday.strftime('%d/%m/%Y'))

eg17:输入一行字符，分别统计出其中英文字母、空格、数字和其它字符的个数

import string
s = input('请输入一个字符串:\n')
letters = 0
space = 0
digit = 0
others = 0
for c in s:
    if c.isalpha():
        letters += 1
    elif c.isspace():
        space += 1
    elif c.isdigit():
        digit += 1
    else:
        others += 1
print ('char = %d,space = %d,digit = %d,others = %d' % (letters,space,digit,others))

eg18:求s=a+aa+aaa+aaaa+aa…a的值，其中a是一个数字。例如2+22+222+2222+22222(此时共有5个数相加)，几个数相加由键盘控制

def sum(n):
    total = 1
    if n == 1 :
        total = 10 * (n-1)+1
    else:
        total = total*n+sum(n-1)*10
    return total
a = int(input("a:"))
b = int(input("b:"))
print(a*sum(b))

eg19:一个数如果恰好等于它的因子之和，这个数就称为"完数"。例如6=1＋2＋3.编程找出1000以内的所有完数

def wanshu():
    for i in range(1,1000):
        s = i
        sum = i
        for j in range(1,i):
            if i%j == 0:
                sum -= j
            else:
                continue
        if sum == 0:
            print(s)
wanshu()

eg20:一球从100米高度自由落下，每次落地后反跳回原高度的一半；再落下，求它在第10次落地时，共经过多少米？第10次反弹多高？

def luoti(high,n):
    s = 0
    total = 0
    t = high
    if n == 1:
        s = high/2
        total = high + s
    else:
        for i in range(1,n+1):
            s = high/2
            high = s
            total = total + s*2
        total = total-2*s+t
    print("第%d次落地时，共经过%f米，第%d反弹%f米"%(n,total,n,s))
luoti(100,10)

eg21:猴子吃桃问题：猴子第一天摘下若干个桃子，当即吃了一半，还不瘾，又多吃了一个第二天早上又将剩下的桃子吃掉一半，又多吃了一个。以后每天早上都吃了前一天剩下的一半零一个。到第10天早上想再吃时，见只剩下一个桃子了。求第一天共摘了多少

n = 1
for day in range(9,0,-1):
    m = (n+1)*2
    n = m
print(m)

eg22:两个乒乓球队进行比赛，各出三人。甲队为a,b,c三人，乙队为x,y,z三人。已抽签决定比赛名单。有人向队员打听比赛的名单。a说他不和x比，c说他不和x,z比，请编程序找出三队赛手的名单

def paixu():
    fist = ['c','a','b']
    second = ['x','y','z']
    for i in range(2):
        if fist[i] == 'a' and second[i] == 'x':
            second[i] = second[i+1]
            second[i+1] = 'x'
        elif fist[i] == 'c' and second[i] == 'z':
            second[i] = second[i+1]
            second[i + 1] = 'z'
        elif fist[i] == 'c' and second[i] == 'x':
            second[i] = second[i + 1]
            second[i + 1] = 'x'
        else:
            continue
    print("三队赛手的名单：")
    for i in range(3):
        print("%s-->%s"%(fist[i],second[i]))

paixu()

eg23:打印出菱形图案

from sys import stdout
for i in range(4):
    for j in range(4-i-1):
        stdout.write(" ")
    for k in range(2*i+1):
        stdout.write("*")
    print(" ")
for m in range(3):
    for t in range(m+1):
        stdout.write(" ")
    for n in range(5-2*m):
        stdout.write("*")
    print(" ")

eg24:有一分数序列：2/1，3/2，5/3，8/5，13/8，21/13…求出这个数列的前20项之和

a = 1
b = 2
s = 0
for n in range(1,20):
    s += b/a
    a,b = b,a+b
print(s)

eg25:求1+2!+3!+…+20!的和

from functools import reduce
sum = 0
dp = range(1,21)
def rank(x):
    s = 1
    for i in range(1,x+1):
        s = s*i
    return s
print("1！+2！+3！+...+20!=",reduce(lambda x,y:x+y,map(rank,dp)))

eg26:利用递归方法求5!

def fn(i):
    if i == 1:
        return 1
    else:
        return i*fn(i-1)
print(fn(5))

eg27:利用递归函数调用方式，将所输入的5个字符，以相反顺序打印出来

def output(s,len):
    if len == 0:
        return
    else:
        print(s[len-1])
        output(s,len-1)
s = input("please input a string：")
len = len(s)
output(s,len)

eg28:有5个人坐在一起，问第五个人多少岁？他说比第4个人大2岁。问第4个人岁数，他说比第3个人大2岁。问第三个人，又说比第2人大两岁。问第2个人，说比第一个人大两岁。最后问第一个人，他说是10岁。请问第五个人多大？

def age(n):
    if n == 1:
        return 10
    else:
        return age(n-1)+2
print(age(5))

eg29:给一个不多于5位的正整数，要求：一、求它是几位数，二、逆序打印出各位数字

x = int(input("please input a num："))
a = x // 10000
b = x % 10000 // 1000
c = x % 1000 // 100
d = x % 100 // 10
e = x % 10

if a != 0:
    print("%d 是5位数，逆序为：%d%d%d%d%d"%(x,e,d,c,b,a))
elif b != 0:
    print("%d 是4位数，逆序为：%d%d%d%d"%(x,e,d,c,b))
elif c != 0:
    print("%d 是3位数，逆序为：%d%d%d"%(x,e,d,c))
elif d != 0:
    print("%d 是2位数，逆序为：%d%d"%(x,e,d))
elif e != 0:
    print("%d 是1位数，逆序为：%d"%(x,e))

eg30:一个5位数，判断它是不是回文数。即12321是回文数，个位与万位相同，十位与千位相同

x = int(input("please input a num："))
s = str(x)
len = len(s)
flag = True
for i in range(len):
    if s[i] != s[len-i-1]:
        flag = False
        break
if flag:
    print("%d 是一个回文数！"%x)
else:
    print("%d 不是一个回文数！"%x)

eg31:请输入星期几的第一个字母来判断一下是星期几，如果第一个字母一样，则继续判断第二个字母

x = input("please input a letters：")
if x == 'M':
    print("Monday")
elif x == 'F':
    print("Friday")
elif x == 'W':
    print("Wednesday")
elif x == 'T':
    x = input("please input Second letter：")
    if x == 'h':
        print("Thursday")
    else:
        print("Tuesday")
else:
    x = input("please input Second letter：")
    if x == 'a':
        print("Saturday")
    else:
        print("Sunday")

eg32:按相反的顺序输出列表的值

a = ['one','two','three']
for i in a[::-1]:     # 相当于：a[-1,-len(a)-1]从最后一个元素到第一个元素复制一遍，即倒序
    print(i)

eg33:按逗号分隔列表

import re
L = [1,2,3,4,5]
print(','.join(str(n) for n in L))

eg34:使用函数，输出三次 RUNOOB 字符串

def hello_runoob():
    print('RUNOOB')

def hello_runoobs():
    for i in range(3):
        hello_runoob()
if __name__ == '__main__':
    hello_runoobs()

eg35:文本颜色设置

class bcolor:
    HEADER = '\033[95m'
    OKBLUE = '\033[94m'
    OKGREEN = '\033[92m'
    WARNING = '\033[93m'
    FAIL = '\033[91m'
    ENDC = '\033[0m'
    BOLD = '\033[1m'
    UNDERLINE = '\033[4m'
print(bcolor.WARNING+'警告的颜色字体？'+bcolor.ENDC)

eg36:求100之内的素数

from math import sqrt
lower = int(input("please input minValue："))
upper = int(input("please input maxValue："))

for num in range(lower,upper+1):
    if num > 1:
        for i in range(2,int(sqrt(num)+1)):
            if (num % i) == 0:
                break
        else:
            print(num)

eg37:对10个数进行排序

import re
if __name__ == "__main__":
    x = input("please input ten num: ")
    # \s是指空白，包括空格、换行、tab缩进等
    s = list(map(int,re.split('\s',x)))
    print("输入的数字列表：",s)
    for i in range(len(s) - 1):
        for j in range(i+1,len(s)):
            if s[i] > s[j]:
                t = s[i]
                s[i] = s[j]
                s[j] = t
    print("排序后的数字列表：",s)

eg38:求一个3*3矩阵主对角线元素之和

import re
if __name__ == "__main__":
    a = []
    sum = 0
    for i in range(3):
        print("please input th",i+1, "th row three nums:")
        x = input()
        a.append(list(map(int,re.split('\s',x))))
    print("3*3 数列如下：")
    for i in range(3):
        print(a[i])
        sum += int(a[i][i])
    print("对角线之和为：",sum)

eg39:有一个已经排好序的数组。现输入一个数，要求按原来的规律将它插入数组中

import re


def insertNum():
    a = input("Please input String:")
    key = int(input("Please input insert num:"))
    b = re.split('\s', a)
    listNum = list(map(int, b))
    for i in range(len(b)):
        if isinstance(i,int):
            continue
        else:
            del(b[i])
            print('由于您输入了非数字字符',i,'，目前已剔除！')
    for i in range(len(listNum)-1):
        if listNum[i]>listNum[i+1]:
            if listNum[i]>key and listNum[i+1]<key:
                listNum.insert(i+1,key)
            elif len(listNum)-2 == i and listNum[i+1]<key:
                listNum.insert(0, key)
            elif len(listNum)-2 == i and listNum[i+1]>key:
                listNum.append(key)
            else:
                continue
        elif listNum[i]<listNum[i+1]:
            if listNum[i]<key and listNum[i+1]>key:
                listNum.insert(i+1,key)
            elif len(listNum)-2 == i and listNum[i+1]>key:
                listNum.insert(0,key)
            elif len(listNum)-2 == i and listNum[i+1]<key:
                listNum.append(key)
            else:
                continue
        else:
            continue
    print("插入后的列表为：",listNum)


insertNum()

eg40:将一个数组逆序输出

import re


def inverted():
    str = input("请输入一组数字:")
    strNum = list(map(int,re.split('\s',str)))
    invertStr = strNum[::-1]
    for i in range(len(invertStr)):
        print(invertStr[i])
inverted()

eg41:模仿静态变量的用法

def varfunc():
# var 普通方法中的普通变量
    var = 0
    print ('var = %d' % var)
    var += 1
if __name__ == '__main__':
    for i in range(3):
        varfunc()

# 类的属性
# 作为类的一个属性吧
class Static:
# StaticVar 类中的静态变量
    StaticVar = 5
    def varfunc(self):
        self.StaticVar += 1
        print (self.StaticVar)

print (Static.StaticVar)
a = Static()
for i in range(3):
    a.varfunc()

eg42:学习使用auto定义变量的用法

# num不随方法中的变化而进行变化，而是自增
num = 2
def autofunc():
    num = 1
    print ('internal block num = %d' % num)
    num += 1
for i in range(3):
    print ('The num = %d' % num)
    num += 1
    autofunc()

eg43:模仿静态变量(static)另一案例

class Num:
    nNum = 1
    def inc(self):
        self.nNum += 1
        print ('nNum = %d' % self.nNum)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    nNum = 2
    inst = Num()
    for i in range(3):
        nNum += 1
        print ('The num = %d' % nNum)
        inst.inc()

eg44:两个 3 行 3 列的矩阵，实现其对应位置的数据相加，并返回一个新矩阵

import re


def arrayAdd():
    str1 = input("please input the first array num: ")
    str2 = input("please input the second array num: ")
    strNum1 = list(map(int,re.split('\s',str1)))
    strNum2 = list(map(int, re.split('\s', str2)))
    midArray = []
    Array1 = []
    Array2 = []
    Array = [[0,0,0],[0,0,0],[0,0,0]]
    for i in range(len(strNum1)):
        midArray.append(strNum1[i])
        if (i+1)%3 == 0:
            Array1.append(midArray)
            midArray = []
        else:
            continue
    for i in range(len(strNum2)):
        midArray.append(strNum2[i])
        if (i+1)%3 == 0:
            Array2.append(midArray)
            midArray = []
        else:
            continue
    print(len(Array1))
    for i in range(len(Array1)):
        for j in range(len(Array1)):
           Array[i][j] = Array1[i][j] + Array2[i][j]
    print("The first Array is :",Array1)
    print("The second Array is :", Array2)
    print("The merge Array is :",Array)

arrayAdd()

eg45:统计 1 到 100 之和

def sum():
    total = 0
    for i in range(1,101):
        total +=i
    print(total)

sum()

eg46:求输入数字的平方，如果平方运算后小于 50 则退出

import time


def pinfang():
    while True:
        a = int(input("please input a num:"))
        if a*a<50:
            print(a,"的平方小于50，即将在3s退出！")
            time.sleep(3)
            break
        else:
            print(a,"的平方大于50！")
pinfang()

eg47:两个变量值互换

def exchange(a,b):
    a,b = b,a
    return (a,b)
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    x = 10
    y = 20
    print ('x = %d,y = %d' % (x,y))
    x,y = exchange(x,y)
    print ('x = %d,y = %d' % (x,y))

eg48:数字比较

if __name__ == '__main__':
    i = 10
    j = 20
    if i > j:
        print ('%d 大于 %d' % (i,j))
    elif i == j:
        print ('%d 等于 %d' % (i,j))
    elif i < j:
        print ('%d 小于 %d' % (i,j))
    else:
        print ('未知')

eg49:使用lambda来创建匿名函数

# MAXIMUM和MINIMUM 没有函数名
MAXIMUM = lambda x, y: (x > y) * x + (x < y) * y
MINIMUM = lambda x, y: (x > y) * y + (x < y) * x

if __name__ == '__main__':
    a = 10
    b = 20
    print('The largar one is %d' % MAXIMUM(a, b))
    print('The lower one is %d' % MINIMUM(a, b))

eg50:使用 random 模块输出一个随机数

import random
import string

# 随机整数
print(random.randint(1,50))
# 0-100间的偶数
print(random.randrange(0,101,2))
# 随机浮点数
print(random.random())
print(random.uniform(1,10))
# 随机字符
print(random.choice('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz!@#$%^&*()'))
# 多个字符中随机生成指定个数的字符
print(random.sample('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz',5))
# 随机选取字符串
print(random.choice(['哈哈','嘻嘻','咕咕']))
# 打乱排序
a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0]
random.shuffle(a)
print(a)
# 从a-zA-Z0-9生成指定数量的随机字符：
ran_str = ''.join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, 8))
print(ran_str)
# 多个字符中选取指定数量的字符组成新字符串：
print(''.join(random.sample(['z','y','x','w','v','u','t','s','r','q','p','o','n','m','l','k','j','i','h','g','f','e','d','c','b','a'], 5)))

eg51:学习使用按位与 &

if __name__ == '__main__':
    a = 0x77
    b = a & 3
    print ('a & b = %d' % b)
    b &= 7
    print ('a & b = %d' % b)

eg52:学习使用按位或 |

if __name__ == '__main__':
    a = 0o77
    b = a | 3
    print ('a | b is %d' % b)
    b |= 7
    print ('a | b is %d' % b)

eg53:学习使用按位异或 ^

if __name__ == '__main__':
    a = 0o77
    b = a ^ 3
    print('The a ^ 3 = %d' % b)
    b ^= 7
    print('The a ^ b = %d' % b)

eg54:取一个整数a从右端开始的4〜7位

if __name__ == '__main__':
    a = int(input('input a number:\n'))
    b = a >> 4
    c = ~(~0 << 4)
    d = b & c
    print ('%o\t%o' %(a,d))

eg55:使用按位取反~

a = 7
b = ~a

c = -7
d = ~c

print ('变量 a 取反结果为： %d' % b)
print ('变量 c 取反结果为： %d' % d)

eg56:画图，学用circle画圆形

if __name__ == '__main__':
    from tkinter import *

    canvas = Canvas(width=800, height=600, bg='pink')
    canvas.pack(expand=YES, fill=BOTH)
    k = 1
    j = 1
    for i in range(0, 26):
        canvas.create_oval(310 - k, 250 - k, 310 + k, 250 + k, width=1)
        k += j
        j += 0.3

    mainloop()

eg57:画图，学用line画直线

if __name__ == '__main__':
    from Tkinter import *
 
    canvas = Canvas(width=300, height=300, bg='green')   
    canvas.pack(expand=YES, fill=BOTH)                  
    x0 = 263
    y0 = 263
    y1 = 275
    x1 = 275
    for i in range(19):
        canvas.create_line(x0,y0,x0,y1, width=1, fill='red')
        x0 = x0 - 5
        y0 = y0 - 5
        x1 = x1 + 5
        y1 = y1 + 5
 
    x0 = 263
    y1 = 275
    y0 = 263
    for i in range(21):
        canvas.create_line(x0,y0,x0,y1,fill = 'red')
        x0 += 5
        y0 += 5
        y1 += 5
 
    mainloop()

eg58:画图，学用rectangle画方形

if __name__ == '__main__':
    from Tkinter import *
    root = Tk()
    root.title('Canvas')
    canvas = Canvas(root,width = 400,height = 400,bg = 'yellow')
    x0 = 263
    y0 = 263
    y1 = 275
    x1 = 275
    for i in range(19):
        canvas.create_rectangle(x0,y0,x1,y1)
        x0 -= 5
        y0 -= 5
        x1 += 5
        y1 += 5
        
    canvas.pack()
    root.mainloop()

eg59:画图，综合例子

if __name__  == '__main__':
    from Tkinter import *
    canvas = Canvas(width = 300,height = 300,bg = 'green')
    canvas.pack(expand = YES,fill = BOTH)
    x0 = 150
    y0 = 100
    canvas.create_oval(x0 - 10,y0 - 10,x0 + 10,y0 + 10)
    canvas.create_oval(x0 - 20,y0 - 20,x0 + 20,y0 + 20)
    canvas.create_oval(x0 - 50,y0 - 50,x0 + 50,y0 + 50)
    import math
    B = 0.809
    for i in range(16):
        a = 2 * math.pi / 16 * i
        x = math.ceil(x0 + 48 * math.cos(a))
        y = math.ceil(y0 + 48 * math.sin(a) * B)
        canvas.create_line(x0,y0,x,y,fill = 'red')
    canvas.create_oval(x0 - 60,y0 - 60,x0 + 60,y0 + 60)
    

    for k in range(501):
        for i in range(17):
            a = (2 * math.pi / 16) * i + (2 * math.pi / 180) * k
            x = math.ceil(x0 + 48 * math.cos(a))
            y = math.ceil(y0 + 48 + math.sin(a) * B)
            canvas.create_line(x0,y0,x,y,fill = 'red')
        for j in range(51):
            a = (2 * math.pi / 16) * i + (2* math.pi / 180) * k - 1
            x = math.ceil(x0 + 48 * math.cos(a))
            y = math.ceil(y0 + 48 * math.sin(a) * B)
            canvas.create_line(x0,y0,x,y,fill = 'red')
    mainloop()

eg60:计算字符串长度

sStr1 = 'strlen'
print(len(sStr1))

eg61:打印出杨辉三角形

from sys import stdout
def yhSJ():
    a = []
    for i in range(10):
        a.append([])
        for j in range(10):
            a[i].append(0)
    for i in range(10):
        a[i][0] = 1
        a[i][i] = 1
    for i in range(2,10):
        for j in range(1,i):
            a[i][j] = a[i-1][j-1]+a[i-1][j]
    for i in range(10):
        for j in range(0,i+1):
            stdout.write(str(a[i][j]))
            stdout.write(' ')
        print()
yhSJ()

eg62:查找字符串

sStr1 = 'abcdefgcde'
sStr2 = 'cde'
print (sStr1.find(sStr2))

eg63:画椭圆

if __name__ == '__main__':
    from tkinter import *
    x = 360
    y = 160
    top = y - 30
    bottom = y - 30
    
    canvas = Canvas(width = 400,height = 600,bg = 'white')
    for i in range(20):
        canvas.create_oval(250 - top,250 - bottom,250 + top,250 + bottom)
        top -= 5
        bottom += 5
    canvas.pack()
    mainloop()

eg64:利用ellipse 和 rectangle 画图

if __name__ == '__main__':
    from tkinter import *
    canvas = Canvas(width = 400,height = 600,bg = 'white')
    left = 20
    right = 50
    top = 50
    num = 15
    for i in range(num):
        canvas.create_oval(250 - right,250 - left,250 + right,250 + left)
        canvas.create_oval(250 - 20,250 - top,250 + 20,250 + top)
        canvas.create_rectangle(20 - 2 * i,20 - 2 * i,10 * (i + 2),10 * ( i + 2))
        right += 5
        left += 5
        top += 10

    canvas.pack()
    mainloop()

eg65:一个最优美的图案

import math
from tkinter import *
class PTS:
    def __init__(self):
        self.x = 0
        self.y = 0
points = []

def LineToDemo():
    screenx = 400
    screeny = 400
    canvas = Canvas(width = screenx,height = screeny,bg = 'white')

    AspectRatio = 0.85
    MAXPTS = 15
    h = screeny
    w = screenx
    xcenter = w / 2
    ycenter = h / 2
    radius = (h - 30) / (AspectRatio * 2) - 20
    step = 360 / MAXPTS
    angle = 0.0
    for i in range(MAXPTS):
        rads = angle * math.pi / 180.0
        p = PTS()
        p.x = xcenter + int(math.cos(rads) * radius)
        p.y = ycenter - int(math.sin(rads) * radius * AspectRatio)
        angle += step
        points.append(p)
    canvas.create_oval(xcenter - radius,ycenter - radius,
                       xcenter + radius,ycenter + radius)
    for i in range(MAXPTS):
        for j in range(i,MAXPTS):
            canvas.create_line(points[i].x,points[i].y,points[j].x,points[j].y)

    canvas.pack()
    mainloop()

eg66:输入3个数a,b,c，按大小顺序输出

import re

def swap(n1,n2):
    return n2,n1
def sort():
    a = input("please input three num:")
    str = list(map(int,re.split('\s',a)))
    if str[0]>str[1] : str[0],str[1] = swap(str[0],str[1])
    if str[0]>str[2] : str[0],str[2] = swap(str[0],str[2])
    if str[1]>str[2] : str[1],str[2] = swap(str[1],str[2])
    print(str)
sort()

eg67:输入数组，最大的与第一个元素交换，最小的与最后一个元素交换，输出数组

import re


def inputStr():
    array = list(map(int,re.split('\s',input("please input a array:"))))
    return array
def max_exchange(array):
    max = 0
    for i in range(1,len(array)):
        if array[i]>array[max] :
            max = i
        else:
            continue
    k = array[0]
    array[0] = array[max]
    array[max] = k
    return array
def min_exchange(array):
    min = 0
    for i in range(1,len(array)):
        if array[i]<array[min] :
            min = i
        else:
            continue
    k = array[len(array)-1]
    array[len(array)-1] = array[min]
    array[min] = k
    return array
def output():
    array = max_exchange(inputStr())
    print(array)
    print(min_exchange(array))
output()

eg68:有 n 个整数，使其前面各数顺序向后移 m 个位置，最后 m 个数变成最前面的 m 个数

import re
def moveStep(array, m):
    array_end = array[len(array) - 1]
    for i in range(len(array) - 2, -1, -1):
        array[i + 1] = array[i]
    array[0] = array_end
    m -= 1
    if m >= 0:
        moveStep(array, m)

def move():
    array = list(map(int,re.split('\s',input("please input a array:"))))
    m = int(input('please input the move step num:'))
    moveStep(array,m)
    print(array)

move()

eg69:有n个人围成一圈，顺序排号。从第一个人开始报数（从1到3报数），凡报到3的人退出圈子，问最后留下的是原来第几号的那位

def leaveNum():
    n = int(input('请输入总人数 :'))
    num = []
    for i in range(1,n+1):
        num.append(i)
    k = 0
    m = 0
    i = 0
    while m < n-1:
        if num[i] != 0:
            k+=1
        if k == 3:
            num[i] = 0
            k = 0
            m+=1
        i+=1
        if i == n:
            i = 0
    i = 0
    while num[i] == 0:
        i+=1
    print(num[i])

leaveNum()

eg70:写一个函数，求一个字符串的长度，在main函数中输入字符串，并输出其长度

def length():
    str = input("please input your str:")
    print("the str has %d characters"%len(str))
length()

eg71:编写input()和output()函数输入，输出5个学生的数据记录

N = 3
# stu
# num : string
# name : string
# score[4]: list
student = []
for i in range(5):
    student.append(['', '', []])


def input_stu(stu):
    for i in range(N):
        stu[i][0] = input('input student num:\n')
        stu[i][1] = input('input student name:\n')
        for j in range(3):
            stu[i][2].append(int(input('score:\n')))


def output_stu(stu):
    for i in range(N):
        print('%-6s%-10s' % (stu[i][0], stu[i][1]))
        for j in range(3):
            print('%-8d' % stu[i][2][j])


if __name__ == '__main__':
    input_stu(student)
    print(student)
    output_stu(student)

eg72:创建一个链表

if __name__ == '__main__':
    ptr = []
    for i in range(5):
        num = int(input('please input a number:\n'))
        ptr.append(num)
    print(ptr)

eg73:反向输出一个链表

if __name__ == '__main__':
    ptr = []
    for i in range(5):
        num = int(input('please input a number:\n'))
        ptr.append(num)
    print(ptr)
    ptr.reverse()
    print(ptr)

eg74:列表排序及连接

if __name__ == '__main__':
    a = [1, 3, 2]
    b = [3, 4, 5]
    a.sort()  # 对列表 a 进行排序
    print(a)

    # 连接列表 a 与 b
    print(a + b)

    # 连接列表 a 与 b
    a.extend(b)
    print(a)

eg75:放松一下，算一道简单的题目

if __name__ == '__main__':
    for i in range(5):
        n = 0
        if i != 1: n += 1
        if i == 3: n += 1
        if i == 4: n += 1
        if i != 4: n += 1
        if n == 3: print(64 + i)

eg76:编写一个函数，输入n为偶数时，调用函数求1/2+1/4+…+1/n,当输入n为奇数时，调用函数1/1+1/3+…+1/n

def sum():
    n = int(input("please input a num:"))
    t = 2
    sum = 0
    if n % 2 == 0:
        while t <= n:
            sum += 1.0 / t
            t += 2
        print("the sum is:", sum)
    elif n % 2 != 0:
        while t<=n:
            sum += 1.0 / t
            t += 2
        print("the sum is:", sum)
    else:
        print("you print a invalid num")
sum()

eg77:循环输出列表

if __name__ == '__main__':
    s = ["man","woman","girl","boy","sister"]
    for i in range(len(s)):
        print(s[i])

eg78:找到年龄最大的人，并输出。请找出程序中有什么问题

# 未找出
if __name__ == '__main__':
    person = {"li":18,"wang":50,"zhang":20,"sun":22}
    m = 'li'
    for key in person.keys():
        if person[m] < person[key]:
            m = key
 
    print '%s,%d' % (m,person[m])

eg79:字符串排序

if __name__ == '__main__':
    str1 = input('input string:\n')
    str2 = input('input string:\n')
    str3 = input('input string:\n')
    print(str1, str2, str3)

    if str1 > str2: str1, str2 = str2, str1
    if str1 > str3: str1, str3 = str3, str1
    if str2 > str3: str2, str3 = str3, str2

    print('after being sorted.')
    print(str1, str2, str3)

eg80:海滩上有一堆桃子，五只猴子来分。第一只猴子把这堆桃子平均分为五份，多了一个，这只猴子把多的一个扔入海中，拿走了一份。第二只猴子把剩下的桃子又平均分成五份，又多了一个，它同样把多的一个扔入海中，拿走了一份，第三、第四、第五只猴子都是这样做的，问海滩上原来最少有多少个桃子？

def taozi():
    x = 0
    j = 1
    i = 0
    while i < 5:
        x = j * 4
        for i in range(5):
            if x % 4 != 0:
                break
            else:
                x = ( x /4 ) * 5 +1
                i += 1
        j += 1
    return x
print(taozi())

eg 81:809??=800??+9?? 其中??代表的两位数, 809??为四位数，8??的结果为两位数，9??的结果为3位数。求??代表的两位数，及809*??后的结果

def answer():
    for i in range(10,100):
        if (809 * i / 1000 >= 1) and (8 * i / 10 >= 1) and (9 * i /100 >= 1):
            print("?? is %d, 809 * ?? is %d"%(i,809*i))
            break
        else:
            continue
answer()```

## eg82:八进制转换为十进制
## eg83:求0—7所能组成的奇数个数
## eg84:连接字符串
```python
connect = ' '
list = ['my','monther','is','a','beautiful','woman']
print(connect.join(list))

eg82:八进制转换为十进制

if __name__ == '__main__':
    n = 0
    p = input('input a octal number:\n')
    for i in range(len(p)):
        n = n * 8 + ord(p[i]) - ord('0')
    print(n)

eg83:求0—7所能组成的奇数个数

def jishu():
    sum = 4
    s = 4
    for i in range(2,9):
        if i <= 2:
            s = s * 7
        else:
            s = s * 8
        sum = sum + s
    print('sum is %d'%sum)
jishu()

eg84:

connect = ' '
list = ['my','monther','is','a','beautiful','woman']
print(connect.join(list))

eg85:输入一个奇数，然后判断最少几个 9 除于该数的结果为整数

n = int(input('please input a odd num: '))
if n % 2 == 0:
    n = int(input('please input a odd num: '))
result = True
t = 1
i = 9
while result:
    if i % n == 0:
        result = False
        print('需要至少 %d 个9除于 %d 能除尽'%(t,n))
    else:
        i = i * 10 + 9
        t += 1

eg86:两个字符串连接程序

a = 'my monther'
b = ' is beautiful'
c = a + b
print(c)

eg87:回答结果（结构体变量传递）

if __name__ == '__main__':
    class student:
        x = 0
        c = 0
    def f(stu):
        stu.x = 20
        stu.c = 'c'
    a= student()
    a.x = 3
    a.c = 'a'
    f(a)
    print(a.x,a.c)

eg88:读取7个数（1—50）的整数值，每读取一个值，程序打印出该值个数的＊

def dushu():
    for i in range(7):
        print('The %d th'%(i+1))
        n = int(input('please input a num range in 1-50: '))
        for j in range(n):
            print('*',end=' ')
            if (j+1) % 5 == 0:
                print()
        print()
        
dushu()

eg89:某个公司采用公用电话传递数据，数据是四位的整数，在传递过程中是加密的，加密规则如下：每位数字都加上5,然后用和除以10的余数代替该数字，再将第一位和第四位交换，第二位和第三位交换

def jiami(n):
    a = n % 10
    b = n % 100 // 10
    c = n % 1000 // 100
    d = n // 1000
    return a,b,c,d

n = int(input('please input a num: '))
a,b,c,d = jiami(n)
a = ( a + 5 ) % 10
b = ( b + 5 ) % 10
c = ( c + 5 ) % 10
d = ( d + 5 ) % 10
t = a * 1000 + b * 100 + c * 10 + d
print('the last num is : ',t)

eg90:列表使用实例

# list
# 新建列表
testList = [10086, '中国移动', [1, 2, 4, 5]]

# 访问列表长度
print(len(testList))
# 到列表结尾
print(testList[1:])
# 向列表添加元素
testList.append('i\'m new here!')

print(len(testList))
print(testList[-1])
# 弹出列表的最后一个元素
print(testList.pop(1))
print(len(testList))
print(testList)
# list comprehension
# 后面有介绍，暂时掠过
matrix = [[1, 2, 3],
          [4, 5, 6],
          [7, 8, 9]]
print(matrix)
print(matrix[1])
col2 = [row[1] for row in matrix]  # get a  column from a matrix
print(col2)
col2even = [row[1] for row in matrix if row[1] % 2 == 0]  # filter odd item
print(col2even)

eg91:时间函数举例1

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import time
    print(time.ctime(time.time()))
    print(time.asctime(time.localtime(time.time())))
    print(time.asctime(time.gmtime(time.time())))

eg92:时间函数举例2

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import time
    start = time.time()
    for i in range(3000):
        print(i)
    end = time.time()
    print(start)
    print(end)
    print(end - start)

eg93:时间函数举例3

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import time
    start = time.process_time()
    for i in range(10000):
        print(i)
    end = time.process_time()
    print(start)
    print(end)
    print('different is %6.3f' % (end - start))

eg94:时间函数举例4,一个猜数游戏，判断一个人反应快慢

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import time
    import random

    play_it = input('do you want to play it.(\'y\' or \'n\')')
    while play_it == 'y':
        c = input('input a character:\n')
        i = random.randint(0, 2 ** 32) % 100
        print('please input number you guess:\n')
        start = time.process_time()
        a = time.time()
        guess = int(input('input your guess:\n'))
        while guess != i:
            if guess > i:
                print('please input a little smaller')
                guess = int(input('input your guess:\n'))
            else:
                print('please input a little bigger')
                guess = int(input('input your guess:\n'))
        end = time.process_time()
        b = time.time()
        var = (end - start) / 18.2
        print(var)
        if var < 15:
            print('you are very clever!')
        elif var < 25:
            print('you are normal!')
        else:
            print('you are stupid!')
        print('Congradulations')
        print('The number you guess is %d' % i)
        play_it = input('do you want to play it.')

eg95:字符串日期转换为易读的日期格式

from dateutil import parser
from dateutil.rrule import *

dt = parser.parse("Aug 12 2012 00:00AM")
print(dt)
print(parser.parse("Wed, Aug 12"))
print(parser.parse('2021-08-12'))
print(parser.parse('2021,08,12'))
# fuzzy开启模糊匹配，过滤掉无法识别的时间日期字符
print(parser.parse('I think 2021-08-12 08:00:00 is a fun day',fuzzy = True))

# 2013-08-01到2013-08-07每日
print(list(rrule(DAILY,dtstart=parse('2021-08-01'),until=parse('2021-08-12'))))
# 间隔为3
print(list(rrule(DAILY,interval=3,dtstart=parse('2021-08-01'),until=parse('2021-08-12'))))
# 只生成3个
print(list(rrule(DAILY,count=3,dtstart=parse('2021-08-01'),until=parse('2021-08-12'))))
# 只匹配周一周二的
print(list(rrule(DAILY,byweekday=(MO,TU),dtstart=parse('2021-08-01'),until=parse('2021-08-12'))))
# 按月为单位
print(list(rrule(MONTHLY,dtstart=parse('2021-08-01'),until=parse('2021-08-12'))))

eg96:计算字符串中子串出现的次数

if __name__ == '__main__':
    str1 = input('请输入一个字符串:\n')
    str2 = input('请输入一个子字符串:\n')
    ncount = str1.count(str2)
    print(ncount)

eg97:从键盘输入一些字符，逐个把它们写到磁盘文件上，直到输入一个 # 为止

from sys import stdout
with open('test12082021','w') as fp:
    chr = input('please input a character: ')
    while chr != '#':
        fp.write(chr)
        fp.write(' ')
        stdout.write(chr)
        print()
        chr = input('please input a character: ')

eg98:从键盘输入一个字符串，将小写字母全部转换成大写字母，然后输出到一个磁盘文件"test"中保存

with open('test12082021','w') as fp:
    chr = input('please input a lower case letter: ')
    fp.write(chr.upper())
with open('test12082021','r') as fp:
    print(fp.read())

eg99:有两个磁盘文件A和B,各存放一行字母,要求把这两个文件中的信息合并(按字母顺序排列), 输出到一个新文件C中

with open('testA12082021','r') as fp:
    a = fp.read()
with open('testB12082021','r') as fp:
    b = fp.read()
with open('testC12082021','w') as fp:
    c = list(a + b)
    c.sort()
    con = ','
    c = con.join(c)
    print(type(c))
    fp.write(c)

eg100:列表转换为字典

# 无任何营养的代码
i = ['a', 'b']
l = [1, 2]
print(dict([i,l]))

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Python-菜鸟练习100题

eg1:有四个数字：1、2、3、4，能组成多少个互不相同且无重复数字的三位数？各是多少？for i in range(1,5): for j in range(1,5): for k in range(1,5): if(i!=j) and (i!=k) and (j!=k): print(i,j,k)eg2:企业发放的奖金根据利润提成。利润(I)低于或等于10万元时，奖金可提10%；利润高于10万元，低于20万元时，低于1
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