Android 启动系统Service(SystemService)的流程 详解

系统Service类一般都要继承SystemService类，在SystemServer类中启动；
我们以WifiServiceImpl类为例：

1.
startOtherServices(){
	....
	mSystemServiceManager.startService(WIFI_SERVICE_CLASS);
	....
}
该方法执行SystemServiceManager中的startService方法来创建Service的实例
2.SystemServiceManager类的startService方法：该类创建了Service对象的Class对象
public SystemService startService(String className) {
    final Class<SystemService> serviceClass;
    try {
        serviceClass = (Class<SystemService>)Class.forName(className);
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
        Slog.i(TAG, "Starting " + className);
        throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + className
                + ": service class not found, usually indicates that the caller should "
                + "have called PackageManager.hasSystemFeature() to check whether the "
                + "feature is available on this device before trying to start the "
                + "services that implement it", ex);
    }
    return startService(serviceClass);
}

3.该类创建了Service的实例对象
public <T extends SystemService> T startService(Class<T> serviceClass) {
    try {
        final String name = serviceClass.getName();
        Slog.i(TAG, "Starting " + name);
        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_SYSTEM_SERVER, "StartService " + name);

        // Create the service.
        if (!SystemService.class.isAssignableFrom(serviceClass)) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create " + name
                    + ": service must extend " + SystemService.class.getName());
        }
        final T service;
        try {
            Constructor<T> constructor = serviceClass.getConstructor(Context.class);
            service = constructor.newInstance(mContext);
        } catch (InstantiationException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name
                    + ": service could not be instantiated", ex);
        } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name
                    + ": service must have a public constructor with a Context argument", ex);
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name
                    + ": service must have a public constructor with a Context argument", ex);
        } catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name
                    + ": service constructor threw an exception", ex);
        }

        startService(service);
        return service;
    } finally {
        Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_SYSTEM_SERVER);
    }
}
4.该方法将service实例对象添加到mService集合中，同时调用Service对象的onStart方法来启动Service实例；
public void startService(@NonNull final SystemService service) {
    // Register it.
    mServices.add(service);
    // Start it.
    long time = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
    try {
        service.onStart();
    } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
        throw new RuntimeException("Failed to start service " + service.getClass().getName()
                + ": onStart threw an exception", ex);
    }
    warnIfTooLong(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - time, service, "onStart");
}

启动Service类：

对应的Service类为WifiService类：
1.该类在构造时，会创建一个WifiServiceImpl对象，该对象是WifiManager对象，对应的服务端交互类
public WifiService(Context context) {
    super(context);
    mImpl = new WifiServiceImpl(context, new WifiInjector(context), new WifiAsyncChannel(TAG));
}

2.调用onStart方法：该类会执行SystemService类中的publishBinderService方法，将WifiServiceImpl对象作为参数传入
public void onStart() {
    Log.i(TAG, "Registering " + Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
    publishBinderService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE, mImpl);
}
3.调用publishBinderService方法：
protected final void publishBinderService(String name, IBinder service) {
    publishBinderService(name, service, false);
}
protected final void publishBinderService(String name, IBinder service,
        boolean allowIsolated) {
    ServiceManager.addService(name, service, allowIsolated);
}
最终将WifiServiceImpl对象保存到了ServiceManager类中，该类就是用于保存Service的服务对象的；当在于server交互时，通过ServiceManager.getService方法获取的Sevice便是该WifiServiceImpl对象；