c++:swap

swap操作交换两个相同类型容器的内容。调用swap后，两个容器中的元素将会交换：

1. 除array外的容器

int main()
{
    vector<int> vec1{ 1,2,3 };
    vector<int> vec2{ 4,5,6 };
    auto* p = &vec1[0];
    cout << "p:" << p << " " << "*p:" << *p << endl;
    cout << "vec1各元素的地址和值 ： " << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
    {
        cout << &vec1[i] << "  " << vec1[i] << "  ";
    }
    cout << endl;
    cout << "vec2各元素的地址 ： " << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
    {
        cout << &vec2[i] << "  " << vec2[i] << "  ";
    }
    cout << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << endl;
    swap(vec1, vec2);
    cout << "p:" << p << " " << "*p:" << *p << endl;
    cout << "vec1各元素的地址 ： " << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
    {
        cout << &vec1[i] << "  " << vec1[i] << "  ";
    }
    cout << endl;
    cout << "vec2各元素的地址 ： " << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
    {
        cout << &vec2[i] << "  " << vec2[i] << "  ";
    }
    cout << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << endl;
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

swap后两个容器内部的元素交换，但存储每个元素的地址不变；
存储元素的地址没有改变，但元素已属于不同的容器。指针所指向的元素不变，地址也不变。

因此除string外，指向容器的迭代器、引用和指针都不会失效，对string调用swap会导致迭代器、引用和指针失效

2. array容器

array比较特殊，swap两个array是真正的交换元素，容器原本用来存储元素的地址将会被用来存储新的元素：

int main()
{
    array<int, 3> arr1{ 1,2,3 };
    array<int, 3> arr2{ 4,5,6 };
    auto* p = &arr1[0];
    cout << "p:" << p << " " << "*p:" << *p << endl;
    cout << "arr1各元素的地址和值 ： " << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
    {
        cout << &arr1[i] << "  " << arr1[i] << "  ";
    }
    cout << endl;
    cout << "arr2各元素的地址 ： " << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
    {
        cout << &arr2[i] << "  " << arr2[i] << "  ";
    }
    cout << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << endl;
    swap(arr1, arr2);
    cout << "p:" << p << " " << "*p:" << *p << endl;
    cout << "arr1各元素的地址 ： " << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
    {
        cout << &arr1[i] << "  " << arr1[i] << "  ";
    }
    cout << endl;
    cout << "arr2各元素的地址 ： " << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
    {
        cout << &arr2[i] << "  " << arr2[i] << "  ";
    }
    cout << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << endl;
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

因此，对于array，在swap操作后，指针、引用和迭代器所绑定的元素保持不变，如绑定arr1[1]还是绑定arr[1]，但元素值已经与另一个array中对应元素的值进行了交换