通过注解实现导出并抽取方法。内容粗糙。

通过注解实现导出并抽取方法

注意：

getFields()：获得某个类的所有的公共（public）的字段，包括父类中的字段。
getDeclaredFields()：获得某个类的所有声明的字段，即包括public、private和proteced，但是不包括父类的申明字段。

package com.ws.demo.Export.ReflectionExport;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class ReflectionExport {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //制造测试数据
        List<User> exportInfo = new ArrayList<>();
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(111);
        user.setName("zhangsan");
        user.setAge(111);
        exportInfo.add(user);
        User user1 = new User();
        user1.setAge(222);
        user1.setId(222);
        user1.setName("lisi");
        exportInfo.add(user1);

        exportExcel(exportInfo);
    }

    /**
     * 导出方法，从最开始创建开始，到写完数据结束。
     * @param exportInfo 测试数据
     */
    private static void exportExcel(List<User> exportInfo) {
        //创建Excel
        HSSFWorkbook hssfWorkbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
        //创建sheet页码
        HSSFSheet hssfSheet = hssfWorkbook.createSheet();
        //创建标题行
        HSSFRow row = hssfSheet.createRow(0);
        //获取User实体类的字段属性
        Field[] fields = User.class.getDeclaredFields();
        //用来存放哪些属性需要被导出,并且记录是第几列
        Map<String,Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
        //写标题
        for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
            //扫描注解
            ExportAnnotation annotation = fields[i].getAnnotation(ExportAnnotation.class);
            if (annotation != null){
                row.createCell(i).setCellValue(annotation.title());
                map.put(fields[i].getName(),annotation.column());
            }
        }
        //将数据写到Excel
        for (int j = 0; j < exportInfo.size(); j++) {
            //创建导出数据的行，第一行是标题，从 j+1 行开始
            HSSFRow row1 = hssfSheet.createRow(j + 1);
            if (map.get("name") != null){
                row1.createCell(map.get("name")).setCellValue(exportInfo.get(j).getName());
            }
            if (map.get("age") != null){
                row1.createCell(map.get("age")).setCellValue(exportInfo.get(j).getAge());
            }
            if (map.get("id") != null){
                row1.createCell(map.get("id")).setCellValue(exportInfo.get(j).getId());
            }
        }
		//通过流输出
        String fileName = "D:\\reflectionExport.xlsx";
        FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
        try {
            fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(fileName);
            hssfWorkbook.write(fileOutputStream);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                fileOutputStream.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 * 导出注解，一定要加上@Retention和@Target
 */
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@interface ExportAnnotation {
    //标题
    String title();
    //Excel中的第几列
    int column();
}

/**
 * 实体类
 */
class User {
    @ExportAnnotation(title = "编号",column = 0)
    private int id;
    @ExportAnnotation(title = "姓名",column = 1)
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

抽取公共方法和部分优化

将 exportExcel封装。可以对注解进行进一步扩展，自定义导出开始行、导出单元格格式等；

package com.ws.demo.Export.ReflectionExport;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.*;

public class Encapsulation {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //制造测试数据
        ArrayList<UserInfo> exportInfo = new ArrayList<>();
        UserInfo userInfo = new UserInfo();
        userInfo.setId(333);
        userInfo.setAge(333);
        userInfo.setName("333");
        exportInfo.add(userInfo);
        UserInfo userInfo1 = new UserInfo();
        userInfo1.setId(333);
        userInfo1.setAge(444111);
        userInfo1.setName("444");
        exportInfo.add(userInfo1);

        ExportUtils<UserInfo> userInfoExportUtils = new ExportUtils<>(UserInfo.class);
        userInfoExportUtils.exportExcel(exportInfo,"D:\\reflectionExport01.xlsx");

    }
}

class ExportUtils<T>{
    //实体类对象
    private Class<T> tClass;
    //导出的数据
    private List<T> list;
    //文件名
    private String filePath;
    //存放注解列表
    private ArrayList<Object[]> fieldsList;
    //创建的sheet
    private HSSFSheet sheet;
    //创建的工作簿
    private HSSFWorkbook workbook;
    //当前被创建使用的行
    private HSSFRow row;
    //导出所用的输出流
    private OutputStream outputStream;


    public ExportUtils(Class<T> tClass) {
        this.tClass = tClass;
    }

    public void exportExcel(List<T> list,String filePath){
        //初始化，做导出准备工作
        this.init(list,filePath);
        //导出
        exportExcel();
    }

    private void exportExcel() {
        //创建sheet页
        createSheet();
        //创建标题行
        createTitle();
        //写入内容
        writeContent();
        //导出为Excel
        export();
    }

    /**
     * 导出为Excel
     */
    private void export() {
        try {
            this.outputStream = new FileOutputStream(filePath);
            workbook.write(outputStream);
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                outputStream.close();
                workbook.close();;
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 写入list中的内容
     */
    private void writeContent() {
        for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
            //第一行给标题使用了，创建新的一行
            row = sheet.createRow(i+1);
            //遍历被注解的属性，获取到指定列和属性值
            for (Object[] objects : fieldsList) {
                Excel excel = (Excel) objects[1];
                Field field = (Field) objects[0];
                try {
                    //改变访问权限，使得可以访问私有字段
                    field.setAccessible(true);
                    //通过反射获取字段值
                    Object content = field.get(list.get(i));
                    //写到注解指定的列
                    row.createCell(excel.colmun()).setCellValue(content + "");
                } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 创建标题行
     */
    private void createTitle() {
        //产生第一行
        this.row = sheet.createRow(0);
        for (Object[] objects : fieldsList) {
            Excel excel = (Excel) objects[1];
            //在第1行创建一个单元格为注解所标注的列，并填充注解中写到的title
            row.createCell(excel.colmun()).setCellValue(excel.title());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 创建sheet页
     */
    private void createSheet() {
        this.sheet = workbook.createSheet();
    }

    private void init(List<T> list, String filePath) {
        this.list = list;
        this.filePath = filePath;
        //创建数组存放实体类属性
        createFields();
        //创建工作簿
        creatWorkBook();
    }

    /**
     * 创建工作簿
     */
    private void creatWorkBook() {
        this.workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
    }

    /**
     * 获取实体类属性
     */
    private void createFields() {
        this.fieldsList = new ArrayList<Object[]>();
        List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
        //导出对象可能继承的父类中存在注解
        fields.addAll(Arrays.asList(tClass.getSuperclass().getDeclaredFields()));
        fields.addAll(Arrays.asList(tClass.getDeclaredFields()));

        for (Field field : fields) {
            //判断Excel.class的注解是否在field上
            if (field.isAnnotationPresent(Excel.class)){
                fieldsList.add(new Object[] {field,field.getAnnotation(Excel.class)});
            }
        }
    }

}

/**
 * 实体类
 */
class UserInfo{
    @Excel(title = "编号",colmun = 0)
    private int id;
    @Excel(title = "姓名",colmun = 1)
    private String name;
    @Excel(title = "年龄",colmun = 2)
    private int age;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@interface Excel{
    //标题
    String title();
    //列
    int colmun();
}