线程池,在线程出现之后,在NetFramework2.0之后出现了 ThreadPool
线程池:池化线程管理,进程唯一一个实例,其中会默认申请10个线程,程序需要线程时,就向池子申请,获取并使用,用完后回归池子;如果线程不够用,会由池子向CLR申请,如果闲置太多,就池子负责释放;
效果:起到线程重用,避免重复的申请释放;管控最大线程数量 ,再往后的多线程,都是基于线程池的线程;
不会阻塞当前线程
小试一下:
WaitCallback callback = new WaitCallback((a) =>
{
Console.WriteLine("ID:" + Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
Console.WriteLine(a.ToString());
});
ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(callback, "参数1"); //列队加入
ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(callback, "参数2");
效果如下:
通过列队的执行,线程执行顺序是正常的
那么在 .NetFramework3.0 后 Task 基于线程池的线程出现了
小试一下:
CancellationToken token = new CancellationToken(false); // true标志当前是取消状态,这个任务不会被执行
Console.WriteLine("当前是否取消了:" + token.CanBeCanceled);
Action action = new Action(() =>
{
Thread.Sleep(3 * 1000);
Console.WriteLine($"Task start。ID:{Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
Console.WriteLine($"Task end。ID: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
});
Task task = Task.Run(action, token);
Task task2 = Task.Run(action, token);
Task task3 = Task.Run(action, token);
Task.WaitAny(task, task2, task3); //阻塞当前线程,等到任意Task的完成
效果如下:
.NetFramework4.0 Parallel对Task封装,主线程参与计算 ParallelOptions 可以限制最大线程数,会阻塞当前线程,等到任意并行任务的完成
试试:
ParallelOptions parallelOptions = new ParallelOptions();
parallelOptions.MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 3; //4000-4007,三个线程耗时间,当然与机子有关系
Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch();
sw.Start(); //开始计时
Parallel.Invoke(parallelOptions, () =>
{
Console.WriteLine($"Parallel1 start。{Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
Thread.Sleep(2000);
Console.WriteLine($"Parallel1 end。{Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
},
() =>
{
Console.WriteLine($"Parallel2 start。{Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
Thread.Sleep(2000);
Console.WriteLine($"Parallel2 end。{Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
},
() =>
{
Console.WriteLine($"Parallel3 start。{Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
Thread.Sleep(2000);
Console.WriteLine($"Parallel3 end。{Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
},
() =>
{
Console.WriteLine($"Parallel4 start。{Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
Thread.Sleep(2000);
Console.WriteLine($"Parallel4 end。{Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
});
sw.Stop(); //停止计时
long result = sw.ElapsedMilliseconds;//获得程序运行的时间
Console.WriteLine($"耗费时间{result}");
效果:
暂时写到这里,欢迎指教!