对hooks还不是太熟 记录一下 如有错误 还往指正
react分为函数组件和类组件 函数组件只能展示 有了hooks以后 函数组件也可以做交互了
1.usestate(状态)
function App() {
const [num, setNum] = useState(0)
return (
<div className='App'>
<p>{num}</p>
<button
onClick={() => {setNum(num + 1)}}
>+1</button>
</div>
)
}
2.useEffect (hooks里面的生命周期函数)
import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
function Example() {
const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
useEffect(() => {
document.title = `${count}`;
});
return (
<div>
<p>{count}</p>
<button onClick={() => setCount(count + 1)}>
点击我
</button>
</div>
);
}
如果同时存在多个 useEffect, 会按照出现次序执行
3 .useLayoutEffect (在浏览器渲染前执行)
function App1() {
const [n, setN] = useState(0)
const time = useRef(null)
const onClick = () => {
setN(i => i + 1)
time.current = performance.now()
}
useLayoutEffect(() => {
if (time.current) {
console.log(performance.now() - time.current) //大概是0.7ms
}
})
useEffect(() => {
if (time.current) {
console.log(performance.now() - time.current) //大概是2.7ms
}
})
return (
<div className="App">
<h1>n: {n}</h1>
<button onClick={onClick}>Click</button>
</div>
);
}
为了用户体验,优先使用 useEffect (优先渲染)
4.useRef (引用普通对象)
import React, {forwardRef, useRef} from 'react';
function App(){
const buttonRef = useRef(null)
return (
<div>
<Button ref={buttonRef}>按钮</Button2>
</div>
)
}
const Button = forwardRef((props, ref) => {
console.log(ref) //可以拿到ref对button的引用,forwardRef仅限于函数组件,class 组件是默认可以使用 ref 的
return <button ref={ref} {...props} />;
})