【电信学】【2016.08】物联网——2025年的世界将如何互联？

本文为荷兰乌得勒支大学（作者：Steven Hendriks）的硕士论文，共60页。

物联网（IoT）是一个新兴的技术、具有重要的社会和经济意义。事物与互联网的连通性和强大的数据分析能力相结合，将改变我们的工作和生活方式。然而，与此同时，物联网也带来了巨大的挑战，这些挑战可能阻碍实现物联网的潜在好处。其中的一种障碍是标准化，因为在IoT系统中要求许多不同的技术必须协同工作。在完全可互操作的环境中，任何IoT设备都可以连接到任何其他设备，而与制造商或具体技术无关。实际上，设备的互操作性是非常复杂的。开放标准可以促进互操作性，但是很难理解需要执行哪些策略来创建允许一定程度功能开放的标准。因此，本文的研究探讨集中在开放标准化方面，该领域的行动者应用了哪些创新策略以及这些策略对于创新的意义。

通过运用理论框架，结合复杂技术系统、主导设计理念、标准化理论和主导用户等要素，进行了探索性研究。通过定性数据分析和编码，对150余份文献进行了分析。分析结果表明，目前市场上有多种标准占据主导地位，而标准化主要是由商业公司通过专利技术驱动的，这导致了一个碎片式的IoT领域，在该领域中，设备只是某一方的互操作性。只有在设备完全互操作的情况下，IoT才能成功地在该领域中得到越来越多参与者的认可。创建允许连接在不同技术上操作的设备中间件，同时向用户和开源平台学习，是实现完全互操作性策略的典型示例。IoT的开放性导致了主导配置的创建，其中的组件可以根据实际情况重新排列，这对于创新具有重要意义。

由于物联网不是一个主导设计引导渐进创新的整合产业，而是创新源于将各种组件连接在一起，侧重于行业间协作和用户参与。这将刺激物联网的进一步发展和部署。

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidlygrowing emerging topic of technical, social, and economic significance. Objectsare being combined with internet connectivity and powerful data analyticcapabilities that promise to transform the way we work and live. At the sametime, however, the Internet of Things raises significant challenges that couldstand in the way of realizing its potential benefits. One of them isstandardization, due to the numerous different technologies that have to worktogether in an IoT system. In a fully interoperable environment, any IoT devicewould be able to connect to any other device, regardless of manufacturer ortechnology. In practice, interoperability is more complex. Open standards canfacilitate interoperability, but yet it is poorly understood which strategiesneed to be executed in order to create standards that allow a degree offunctional openness. This research therefore explores which innovationstrategies have been applied by actors in the field with respect to openstandardization and which implications it has for innovation. By using atheoretical framework that combines elements from complex technical system,dominant design theory, standardization theory and lead users, an exploratorystudy has been carried out. More than 150 documents have been analyzed by meansof qualitative data analysis and coding. The results show that severalstandards dominate the market at the moment and that standardization is mainlydriven through proprietary approaches by companies, leading to a fragmented IoTfield in which devices are just party interoperable with each other. It becomesmore recognized by actors in the field that IoT only succeeds if devices arefully interoperable. Creating middleware that allows connecting devicesoperating on different technologies, learning from users and open sourceplatforms are examples of strategies that enable full interoperability. Theopen nature of IoT leads to the creation of dominant configurations, in whichits components can rearrange depending on the context. This has implicationsfor innovation. Since IoT is not a consolidated industry in which a dominantdesign guides incremental innovation, innovation stems from linking componentstogether by focusing on inter-industry collaboration and user involvementinstead. This will stimulate the further development and deployment of IoT.

1 引言

2 理论框架

3 研究方法

4 物联网：标准与策略

5 结论

6 讨论

7 参考文献

8 附录

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