【读书2】【2014】基于MATLAB的雷达信号处理基础（第二版）——分辨率(3)

因此，图1.16中位于波束3-dB边缘的两个点散射体定义了雷达的角分辨率。

Thus, the two point scatterers in Fig. 1.16located at the 3-dB edges of the beam define the angular resolution of theradar.

Figure 1.16. 角分辨率由3-dB天线波束宽度θ3决定The angular resolution isdetermined by the 3-dB antenna beamwidth θ3.

该图说明了以弧度表示的角分辨率与以距离为单位的等效分辨率之间的关系，该分辨率称为横向分辨率，以表示与距离正交的维度的分辨率。

The figure illustrates the relation betweenthe angular resolution in radians and the equivalent resolution in units ofdistance, which will be called the cross-range resolution to denote resolutionin a dimension orthogonal to range.

以半径R包围的θ3弧度的整个弧长为Rθ3。

The arc length at a radius R for an anglesubtending θ3 radians is exactly Rθ3 .

横向分辨率ΔCR是指位于波束3-dB边缘的两个散射体之间的距离，对应于图1.16中的虚线所示，即：

The cross-range resolution ΔCR is thedistance between two scatterers located at the 3-dB edges of the beam,corresponding to the dashed line in Fig. 1.16, and is given by

当3-dB波束宽度较小时，上式近似成立，这通常也是笔形波束天线满足的情况。

where the approximation holds when the 3-dBbeamwidth is small, which is usually the case for pencil beam antennas.

这个结果适用于方位或俯仰维度。

This result is applicable in either theazimuth or elevation dimension.

有三个细节值得一提。

Three details bear mentioning.

首先，文献中经常未能明确是否需要或给定单程还是双程3-dB波束宽度。

First, the literature frequently fails tospecify whether one- or two-way 3-dB beamwidth is required or given.

单基地雷达应采用双程波束宽度。

The two-way beamwidth should be used formonostatic radar.

其次，请注意，横向分辨率随距离线性增加，而距离分辨率是一个常数。

Second, note that cross-range resolutionincreases linearly with range, whereas range resolution was a constant.

最后，与距离分辨率一样，稍后我们将看到（第8章），通过信号处理技术可以远远超过常规Rθ极限的横向分辨率，并使其与距离无关。

Finally, as with range resolution, it willbe seen later (Chap. 8) that signal processing techniques can be used toimprove resolution far beyond the conventional Rθ limit and to make itindependent of range as well.

雷达分辨率单元体积V近似为3-dB天线主瓣宽度所包含的总立体角与距离分辨率的乘积。

The radar resolution cell volume V isapproximately the product of the total solid angle subtended by the 3-dBantenna mainlobe, converted to units of area, and the range resolution.

对于方位和俯仰波束分别为θ3和ϕ3的天线椭圆波束，则

For an antenna having an elliptical beamwith azimuth and elevation beamwidths θ3 and ϕ3 , this is

The approximation in the second line of Eq.(1.27) is 27 percent larger than the expression in the first line, but iswidely used.

注意，由于波束在较长距离上出现二维扩展，分辨率单元体积随距离的平方而增加。

Note that resolution cell volume increaseswith the square of range because of the two-dimensional spreading of the beamat longer ranges.

——本文译自Mark A. Richards所著的《Fundamentals of Radar Signal Processing（Second edition）》

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