【信息技术】【2006.07】视频专用快速加密算法

本文为印度国际信息技术研究所（作者：C. Narsimha Raju）的硕士论文，共86页。

近年来，通信和数字多媒体技术得到了巨大的改进和发展，这样的环境允许实现许多迷人的多媒体应用。几乎即时的娱乐视频、图片和音乐传送对连接到多媒体分发系统的每个人都是可用的。现在的用户能够召开实时音频和视频会议，甚至通过非专用信道（媒体）。窃听者可以方便地拦截并捕获在公共信道中传播的敏感和有价值的多媒体内容。因此，需要多媒体安全来保驾护航。

有多种方法可以保护多媒体数据。首先，我们可以使用身份验证的控制机制。然而，仅应用此方法不足以保证在无线或卫星网络上广播的多媒体数据的安全。另一种方法是使用加密算法对多媒体数据进行加密。由于时间、安全性、压缩率等各种限制，我们不能直接将它们用于多媒体数据的加密。本文致力于为满足这些约束条件的实时视频应用提供解决方案。

对于实时视频应用，与完整视频数据的加密相比，优选考虑选择性轻量级加密算法。在这些类型的加密方法中，基于视频属性对选择的视频数据进行加密。我们认为视频的加密不仅仅是对选择的相关像素或DCT系数或MPEG比特流进行加密。因此，我们分析了DC和AC系数对视觉内容的重要性，并基于DC在秘密共享的AC之间的分布设计了一种加密算法，具体地，我们使用Shamir秘密共享方案进行加密处理。

随后，我们分析了DCT系数的统计行为。分析显示了视频块中DC和AC的变化。在此基础上，我们设计了一个选择性的轻量级视频加密算法。加密过程使用香农加密原理，然后只对块中选择的DCT系数进行加密置换。最后，利用统计结果，设计了一个快速、安全的实时视频加密算法。本文采用传统的加密算法对DCT系数进行加密，也可以使用其它任何加密方案。由于密钥长度和轮数的灵活性，我们特别选择了RC5加密方案。此外，本方法还巧妙地交织了电子码本和加密块链的加密方式，对不同的系数进行加密，使得实时视频加密具有计算安全。

我们提出了三种保护多媒体数据的加密算法。这些方案可用于付费电视、视频点播、视频会议等实时应用。我们的加密算法的优点不仅在于实现快速和简单，而且提供了相当大的安全性。

In the recent years, there has been a tremendous improvement andemergence of technologies for communications and digital multimedia. Such anenvironment has allowed for the realization of many fascinating multimediaapplications. Almost instantaneous delivery of entertainment videos, pictures,and music are available to everyone who is connected to a multimedia distributionsystem. Users are now able to perform real-time audio and video conferencing,even over a non-dedicated channel (medium). An eavesdropper can convenientlyintercept and capture the sensitive and valuable multimedia content travellingin a public channel. Hence there is a need for multimedia security formultimedia commence. There are several methods by which multimedia data can beprotected. Firstly, we can use authentication control mechanisms. However,applying this method alone is not enough to secure multimedia data that is broadcaston wireless or satellite networks. Another method is to encrypt the multimediadata using any of the cryptographic encryption algorithms. Due to a variety ofconstraints like time, security, compression rate, we cannot directly use themfor encryption of multimedia data. This thesis is an effort to provide solutionsto the real-time video applications, satisfying the constraints. For real-timevideo applications, selective cum light-weight encryption algorithms arepreferred than encryption of the complete video data. In these types ofencryption methods, selected data of video are encrypted based on the videoproperties. We argue that encryption of a video is more than just encrypting theselected associated pixels or DCT coefficients or MPEG bitstream. Hence, weanalyze the importance of the DC and ACs coefficients to the visual content anddesign an encryption algorithm based on the distribution of the DC among theACs based on secret sharing, specifically, we use Shamir secret sharing schemefor the encryption process. Subsequently, we analyze the statistical behaviorof the DCT coefficients. The analysis shows the variation of the DC and ACs ina video block. Based on this analysis, we design a selective cum light-weight videoencryption algorithm. The encryption process uses Shannonprinciple of encryption followed by permutation but only on the selected DCTcoefficients in a block. Finally, we use the statistical results and design afast and secure encryption algorithm for real-time video applications. It usestraditional cryptographic encryption algorithm to encrypt the DCT coefficients.Any of the cryptographic encryption schemes can be used. We specifically chosethe RC5 encryption scheme because of flexibility in length key size and numberof rounds. Also, our method smartly interleaves the Electronic Code Book andCipher Block Chaining modes of encryption for different coefficients, makingthe real-time video encryption computationally secure. We propose threeencryption algorithms for protection of the multimedia data. These schemes canbe used for real-time applications like Pay-TV, VoD, video conferencing etc.Advantages of our encryption algorithms not only lie in fast and simpleimplementation but also in providing considerable security.

1 引言
2 预备知识：MPEG与加密
3 基于秘密共享的视频加密
4 基于统计分析的视频加密
5 结论与未来研究工作展望

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