centos 7磁盘扩容，扩展分区 /dev/mapper/centos-root

参考1：Linux虚拟机怎么添加磁盘？

参考2：虚拟机中的centos(/dev/mapper/centos-root)扩展分区

一、VMware workstation菜单栏👉虚拟机👉设置👉添加👉硬盘👉下一步

二、SCSI👉下一步：

三、创建新虚拟磁盘👉下一步

四、选择自己需要的硬盘大小👉立即分配磁盘取消勾选👉将虚拟磁盘存储为单个文件👉下一步

五、完成

六、重启虚拟机后，使用lsblk命令查看磁盘情况

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0   19G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0   17G  0 lvm  /
  └─centos-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
sdb               8:16   0    5G  0 disk 
sr0              11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  

发现已经成功添加新硬盘sdb。

七、使用fdisk创建新分区

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x03295b0a.

Command (m for help):

然后输入 p ，回车：

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x03295b0a

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help): 

输入 n 回车：

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): 

输入 p 回车， 1 回车，回车，回车。

Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-10485759, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-10485759, default 10485759): 
Using default value 10485759
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set

输入 p ，回车

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x03295b0a

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    10485759     5241856   83  Linux

Command (m for help):

输入 w ，回车，保存退出。至此，磁盘分区完成。

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

八、使用mkfs.ext4命令进行格式化

先查看分区表

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0   19G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0   17G  0 lvm  /
  └─centos-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
sdb               8:16   0    5G  0 disk 
└─sdb1            8:17   0    5G  0 part 
sr0              11:0    1 1024M  0 rom 

发现新分区是sdb1（我只分了一个主分区，所以是sdb1。）然后我们对sdb1进行格式化

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1310464 blocks
65523 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
    32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

至此格式化完成。

九、挂载分区（扩容）

我以挂载到根分区的data目录为例：

新建/data目录

[root@localhost /]# mkdir data

挂载分区到/data目录

[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data

查看磁盘使用情况

[root@localhost /]# df -hT
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        10G  1.3G   16G   8% /
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     1.9G   12M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               xfs      1014M  148M  867M  15% /boot
tmpfs                   tmpfs     378M     0  378M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1               ext4      4.8G   20M  4.6G   1% /data

至此，虚拟机添加磁盘操作结束。

十、扩展/dev/mapper/centos-root

扩容/dev/mapper/centos-root，前八步相同，将第九步骤换成第十步骤就可以了。

1. 创建pv(给刚刚新建的分区 /dev/sdb1)

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdd1" successfully created

2. 把pv加入vg中，相当于扩充vg的大小

• 先使用vgs查看vg组

[root@localhost ~]# vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree
  centos   1   2   0 wz--n- 19.51g 40.00m<br>

• 扩展vg，使用vgextend命令

[root@localhost ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sdb1
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended

3. 我们成功把vg卷扩展了，在用vgs查看一下

[root@localhost ~]# vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree
  centos   2   2   0 wz--n- 39.50g 20.04g
  

• 虽然我们把vg扩展了，但是lv还没有扩展

[root@localhost ~]# lvs
  LV   VG     Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root centos -wi-ao---- 17.47g                                                   
  swap centos -wi-ao----  2.00g 

4. 扩展lv，使用lvextend命令

[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +20G /dev/mapper/centos-root
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 17.47 GiB (4472 extents) to 37.47 GiB (9592 extents).
  Logical volume root successfully resized.

• 查看lv大小

[root@localhost ~]# lvs
  LV   VG     Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root centos -wi-ao---- 37.47g                                                   
  swap centos -wi-ao----  2.00g

• df -h 发现centos-root空间没有变化

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统                 容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root   10G  10G   44m    100% /
devtmpfs                 479M     0  479M    0% /dev
tmpfs                    489M     0  489M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    489M  6.7M  483M    2% /run
tmpfs                    489M     0  489M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                497M  125M  373M   25% /boot
tmpfs                     98M     0   98M    0% /run/user/0<br><br>没有变化。

5. 那么我们要使用命令使系统重新读取大小

[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=1144832 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=0        finobt=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=4579328, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 4579328 to 9822208

• 再使用df -h查看

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统                 容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root   30G  6.7G   24G   23% /
devtmpfs                 470M     0  470M    0% /dev
tmpfs                    487M     0  487M    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    487M  8.4M  478M    2% /run
tmpfs                    487M     0  487M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                197M  157M   41M   80% /boot
tmpfs                     98M   12K   98M    1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                     98M     0   98M    0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1                 30G   16G   13G   54% /opt

• 到这里我们就成功扩展了。