cobbler

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-25 09:40:26 发布

随笔亦行

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-25 09:40:26 发布

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文章标签： cobbler

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42890981/article/details/82190344

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cobbler 简介

Cobbler 是Linux服务器安装的服务，通过网络启动的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP、DNS 等
Cobbler 可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工
（cobbler_web），还提供了API接口，可以方便二次元开发使用

cobbler配置文件目录详解

配置文件	作用
/etc/cobbler/settings	cobbler 主配置文件
/etc/cobbler/iso/	iso模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/pxe	pxe 模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/power	电源配置文件
/etc/cobbler/user.conf	web服务授权配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digest	web访问的用户名密码配置文件
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template	dhcp服务器的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template	dns服务器的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template/	tftp服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf	模块的配置文件

Cobbler数据目录

目录	作用
/var/lib/cobbler/config/	用于存放distros，system，profiles等信息配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/	用于存放用户定义的cobbler命令
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstart/	默认存放kickstart文件
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/	存放各种引导程序以及镜像目录
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/	导入的发行版系统的所有数据
/var/www/cobbler/images/	导入发行版的kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/	yum仓库存储目录

cobbler 日志文件

日志文件路径	说明
var/log/cobbler/insalling	客户端安装日志
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log	cobbler日志

cobbler check 命令详解

coobler check	核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list	列出所有的cobbler 元素
cobbler report	列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync	同步配置到数据目录，更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync	同步yum 仓库
cobbler distro	查看导入的发行版本系统信息
cobbler system	查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile	查看配置信息

cobbler服务端的部署

配置yum 源

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@cobbler-server yum.repos.d]# curl -o CentOS7-Base-163.repo  http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@cobbler-server yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's/\$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo 
[root@cobbler-server yum.repos.d]#  sed -i 's/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[root@cobbler-server yum.repos.d]# yum -y install epel-release

安装cobbler 以及相关的软件

[root@cobbler-server ~]#  yum -y install httpd dhcp tftp python-ctypes cobbler  xinetd cobbler-web pykickstart
[root@ yum.repocobbler-server ~]# yum search httpd   //查找详细的包名安装

关闭防火墙、关闭selinux

[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@cobbler-server ~]# setenforce 0
[root@cobbler-server ~]# sed -ri 's/(^SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g'  /etc/selinux/config

启动服务并设置开机自启动

[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl start cobblerd
[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd
[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl enable httpd

修改Server的IP地址为本机的IP

[root@cobbler-server ~]# sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.169.10/' /etc/cobbler/settings

设置tftp的ip地址为本机的ip地址

 sed -i 's/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.169.10/' /etc/cobbler/settings

开启tftp

[root@cobbler-server ~]# sed -i '/disable/s/yes/no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

下载缺失文件

[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler get-loaders
task started: 2018-09-01_184556_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Sat Sep  1 18:45:56 2018)
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

启动rsync并设置开机自启

[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl start rsyncd
[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd

生成加密的密码

[root@cobbler-server ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" 'chen' 
$1$17149$vmcHNH3PTq6bxSR8m44di0   //这是密码加密后的形式

将新生成的加密密码加入到配置文件

..... 此处省略内容
[root@cobbler-server ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
default_password_crypted: "$1$17149$vmcHNH3PTq6bxSR8m44di0"
.....此处省略

重启cobbler

[root@cobbler-server ~]# ss -anlt
State       Recv-Q Send-Q                     Local Address:Port                                    Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                                    *:22                                                 *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                            127.0.0.1:25                                                 *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5                              127.0.0.1:25151                                              *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5                                      *:873                                                *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                   :::80                                                :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                   :::22                                                :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100                                  ::1:25                                                :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                   :::443                                               :::*                  
LISTEN      0      5                                     :::873

通过cobbler check核对当前设置是否有问题

[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler check 
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
//以上两个是关于debian系统的错误，请忽略

配置cobbler dhcp

[root@cobbler-server ~]# sed -i '/^manage_dhcp/s/0/1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@cobbler-server ~]# sed -n '/^manage_dhcp/p' /etc/cobbler/settings
manage_dhcp: 1

配置dhcp

[root@cobbler-server ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
.....此处省略内容
subnet 192.168.169.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {            //修改为同网段
     option routers             192.168.169.10;         //修改为自己的IP
     option domain-name-servers 192.168.169.10;         //修改为自己的IP
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.169.100 192.168.169.250;   //表示能够一次装多少台同网段的主机
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;
     .....此处省略内容

重启服务并同步配置，改完dhcp必须要sync同步配置

[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2018-09-01_191232_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sat Sep  1 19:12:32 2018)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

检查dhcp是否正常

[root@cobbler-server ~]# netstat -anulp|grep dhcp
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67              0.0.0.0:*                           1124/dhcpd

导入（ CentOS7 | redhat 7 ）镜像 ,这里我用的是CentOS7 的镜像

[root@cobbler-server ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@cobbler-server ~]# #cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=CentOS-7 --arch=x86_64 task started: 2018-08-21_162444_import
task started: 2018-09-01_192023_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Sat Sep  1 19:20:23 2018)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64:
creating new distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS-7-x86_64
creating new profile: CentOS-7-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64 for CentOS-7-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

说明：
–path //镜像路径
–name //为安装定义一个名字
–arch //指定安装源平台
安装源的唯一标示就是根据name参数来定义，本例导入成功后，安装源的唯一标示就是CentOS-7-x86_64,如果重复，系统会提示失败

查看cobbler镜像列表

[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler list
distros:
   CentOS-7-x86_64
profiles:
   CentOS-7-x86_64
systems:
repos:
images:
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:

创建kickstarts自动安装脚本

[root@cobbler-server ~]# cat > /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7-x86_64.ks <<'EOF'
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=500
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=1    //这里的grow指的是 / 需要多大的空间就会给多大，并不是只给1M 
text
firewall --disabled
firstboot --disable
keyboard us
lang en_US
url --url=http://192.168.169.10/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64 
$yum_repo_stanza
$SNIPPET('network_config')
reboot
rootpw --iscrypted $6$CFgNGKVZdqde7.Nw$8U42BYN3sA7pLnfsX/GJtjjGZBC9gwyCWMQBTHsKVQP1aUH4rREUPcl3N9F7HPTwVyWHUflnEQ5N1jL89zRqC.
selinux --disabled
skipx
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
install
zerombr
%packages
@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools
%end
%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'
%end
%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end
EOF

注意：这里的rootpw –iscrypted 我用的是以下的密码，可以在/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7-x86_64.ks 这个配置文件里面修改，如果系统不一样这里的url这一行也需要修改，并且IP改为自己服务器的IP

[root@cobbler-server ~]# grep 'rootpw' /root/anaconda-ks.cfg 
rootpw --iscrypted $6$CFgNGKVZdqde7.Nw$8U42BYN3sA7pLnfsX/GJtjjGZBC9gwyCWMQBTHsKVQP1aUH4rREUPcl3N9F7HPTwVyWHUflnEQ5N1jL89zRqC.

检查ks文件的语法是否有误

[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler validateks
task started: 2018-09-01_195321_validateks
task started (id=Kickstart Validation, time=Sat Sep  1 19:53:21 2018)
----------------------------
osversion: rhel7
checking url: http://192.168.169.10/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/CentOS-7-x86_64
running: /usr/bin/ksvalidator -v "rhel7" "http://192.168.169.10/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/CentOS-7-x86_64"
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
*** all kickstarts seem to be ok ***
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

查看当前cobbler 有哪些配置文件

[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler profile list
   CentOS-7-x86_64

修改profile，将我们新建的ks文件设为默认的kickstarts安装文件

[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler profile edit --name CentOS-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7-x86_64.ks

配置网卡名称为传统网卡名称eth0

[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler profile edit --name CentOS-7-x86_64 --kopts='net. ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'

检查当前系统cobbler配置文件信息

[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler profile report
Name                           : CentOS-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : CentOS-7-x86_64      //仓库名字
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {'ifnames': '0', 'net.': '~', 'biosdevname': '0'}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7-x86_64.ks       //使用的kickstarts配置文件的路径，必须为我们新建的ks文件的路径
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm

同步cobbler

[root@cobbler-server ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2018-09-01_200435_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sat Sep  1 20:04:35 2018)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for CentOS-7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

为避免发生未知问题，先把服务器所有服务重启

[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@cobbler-server ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@cobbler-server ~]# ss -anlt
State       Recv-Q Send-Q                     Local Address:Port                                    Peer Address:Port             
LISTEN      0      128                                    *:22                                                 *:*                
LISTEN      0      100                            127.0.0.1:25                                                 *:*                
LISTEN      0      5                              127.0.0.1:25151                                              *:*                
LISTEN      0      5                                      *:873                                                *:*                
LISTEN      0      128                                   :::80                                                :::*                
LISTEN      0      128                                   :::22                                                :::*                
LISTEN      0      100                                  ::1:25                                                :::*                
LISTEN      0      128                                   :::443                                               :::*                
LISTEN      0      5                                     :::873

客户端安装

新建虚拟机从pxe启动，若出现以下界面则表示成功：
这里写图片描述

常见的报错提示
配置yum 源时，出现如下报错，原因在于没有配置DNS 所导致

[root@cobbler-server yum.repos.d]# curl -o CentOS7-Base-163.repo  http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
  0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0curl: (6) Could not resolve host: mirrors.163.com; Unknown error

解决方法如下

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vi  /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver  8.8.8.8
nameserver  8.8.4.4
search localdomain

核对配置是否有问题时报错

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : SELinux is enabled. Please review the following wiki page for details on ensuring cobbler works correctly in your SELinux environment:
    https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/wiki/Selinux
2 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
3 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

解决方法

第一个，关闭selinux，必须在/etc/selinux/config 这个配置文件里面关闭，然后在重新启动就好了
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
//以上两个是关于debian系统的错误，请忽略

随笔亦行

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cobbler

coobbler 简介Cobbler 是Linux服务器安装的服务，通过网络启动的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP、DNS 等。Cobbler 可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工（cobbler_web），还提供了API接口，可以方便二次元开发使用。cobbler配置文件目录详解配置文件作用 /etc/...
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