枚举类的概念和使用
1.枚举类的理解:类的对象只有有限个,确定的。我们称此为枚举类。
2.当需要定义一组常量时,强烈建议使用枚举类。对象便是所指的常量。
3.如果枚举类中只有一个对象,则可以作为单例模式的实现方式。
定义枚举类
方式一:jdk5.0之前,自定义枚举类
//自定义枚举类:方式一
class Season{
//1.声明Season对象的属性:private final修饰
private final String seasonName;
private final String seasonDesc;
//2.私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
private Season(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
this.seasonName = seasonName;
}
//3.提供当前枚举类的多个对象:public static final
public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天","春暖花开");
public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天","夏日炎炎");
public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天","秋高气爽");
public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天","冰天雪地");
//4.其他诉求:获取对象的属性
public String getSeasonName() {
return seasonName;
}
public String getSeasonDesc() {
return seasonDesc;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Season{" +
"seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
方式二:jdk5.0,可以使用enum关键字定义枚举类
注释: 定义的枚举类默认继承于java.lang.Enum类
//使用enum定义枚举类
enum Season1 {
//1.提供当前枚举类的多个对象:多个对象用","分隔,";"结束。对象必须在首。
SPRING("春天", "春暖花开"),
SUMMER("夏天", "夏日炎炎"),
AUTUMN("秋天", "秋高气爽"),
WINTER("冬天", "冰天雪地");
//1.声明Season对象的属性:private final修饰
private final String seasonName;
private final String seasonDesc;
//2.私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
private Season1(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {
this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
this.seasonName = seasonName;
}
//3..其他诉求:获取对象的属性
public String getSeasonName() {
return seasonName;
}
public String getSeasonDesc() {
return seasonDesc;
}
//此处如果重写toString(),重写的将是Enum类的toString()
// @Override
// public String toString() {
// return "Season{" +
// "seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
// ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
// '}';
// }
Enum类的常用方法
values():返回枚举类型的对象数组。该方法可以很方便的遍历所有的枚举值。
valueOf(String str):可以把一个字符串转为对应的枚举类对象。要求字符串必须是枚举类对象
toString():返回当前枚举类对象常量的名称。
//toString():
Season1 spring1 = Season1.SPRING;
System.out.println(spring1);//SPRING
//values():
Season1[] values = Season1.values();
for(Enum value: values){
System.out.println(value);
}//SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER
//valueOf():
Season1 winter = Season1.valueOf("WINTER");
System.out.println(winter);//WINTER