Java连接数据库的五种方式(递进关系)

package club.zhuoL.testconnection;

import com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;

public class TestConn {

    //方法一：缺点 第三方api太多

    @Test
    public void testConn1() throws SQLException {
        Driver driver = new Driver();
        /**
         * jdbc:mysql:协议
         * localhost:ip地址
         * 3306:默认的MySQL端口
         * runoob:数据库
         */
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/runoob?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC";
        //将用户名和密码封装在Properties中
        Properties info = new Properties();
        info.setProperty("user", "zhuoL");
        info.setProperty("password", "11111109");

        Connection connection = driver.connect(url, info);

        System.out.println(connection);
    }

    //方式二：对方式一的迭代 在以下程序中不出现第三方的api 使得程序有更好的移植性
    @Test
    public void testConn2() throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, SQLException {

        //1.获取一个Driver类的对象使用反射
        Class clazz = Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        Driver driver = (Driver) clazz.newInstance();
        //2.提供要连接的数据库
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/runoob?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC";
        //3.提供连接需要的用户名和密码
        //将用户名和密码封装在Properties中
        Properties info = new Properties();
        info.setProperty("user", "zhuoL");
        info.setProperty("password", "11111109");
        //4.获取连接
        Connection connection = driver.connect(url, info);
        System.out.println(connection);
    }

    //方式三：使用DriverManager代替Driver
    @Test
    public void testConn3() throws SQLException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, ClassNotFoundException {
        //1.获取Driver类的实现类的对象
        Class clazz = Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        Driver driver = (Driver) clazz.newInstance();
        //2.提供需要信息
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/runoob?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC";
        String user = "zhuoL";
        String password = "11111109";
        //注册驱动
        DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);
        //获取连接
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        System.out.println(connection);
    }

    //方式4：加载驱动 不需要注册
    @Test
    public void testConn4() throws SQLException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, ClassNotFoundException {
        //1.加载driver 可以省略
        //mysql-connector-java-8.0.16.jar\META-INF\services\java.sql.Driver中已经加载过
        //Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        //Driver driver = (Driver) clazz.newInstance();
        //2.提供需要信息
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/runoob?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC";
        String user = "zhuoL";
        String password = "11111109";
        //注册驱动
        //DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);
        //获取连接
        /**
         * 在Driver类中有如下操作 所以可以省略注册操作
         *      static {
         *         try {
         *             DriverManager.registerDriver(new Driver());
         *         } catch (SQLException var1) {
         *             throw new RuntimeException("Can't register driver!");
         *         }
         *     }
         */
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        System.out.println(connection);
    }

    //方式5：将数据需要的基本信息写入到配置文件当中 使得程序代码更加简洁易读
    @Test
    public void testConn5() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
        //1.读取配置中的信息
        InputStream inputStream = TestConn.class.getClassLoader().
                getResourceAsStream("jdbc.properties");

        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(inputStream);

        String user = properties.getProperty("user");
        String password = properties.getProperty("password");
        String url = properties.getProperty("url");
        String driverClass = properties.getProperty("driverClass");
        //2.加载驱动
        Class.forName(driverClass);

        //3.获取连接
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
        System.out.println(connection);
    }
}