ORA 04023

此方面的bug有两个：
Bug 22937913 - ORA-4023 or ORA-4020 or ORA-44201 in Active Data Guard (ADG) - superseded ( Doc ID 22937913.8 )
Bug 23521523 - ORA-4023 or ORA-4020 or ORA-44201 in Active Data Guard (ADG) - Superseded ( Doc ID 23521523.8 )

superseded说明这两个bug的fix都已被取代，从note中可见22937913的fix被23521523取代，而23521523的fix被patch 27314206取代：
Bug 27314206 - ORA-44201 in ADG When the Fix of Bug 23521523 is Installed ( Doc ID 27314206.8 )

所以建议打的补丁是patch 27314206:
https://updates.oracle.com/download/27314206.html

从这个bug的内部描述来看，应该是ADG在SQL解析方面的bug，所以在备库上打即可。但是data guard环境是用于容灾切换和读写分离的，而且data guard主备补丁差异最长支持期限是31天，所以主库还是要打上的：
Customer running Active Data Guard reports intermittent ORA-4023 error when parsing some SQL statements. The error happens because we keep initiating re-parse from kglgob(). That code was added by the fix for bug 22544909. The idea behind that fix was that if we do a parent lookup by dependency number and we find a non-obsolete dependent depending on an obsolete parent, we should mark the dependent as obsolete and force a re-parse. The expectation is that the next parse will pick up a new non-obsolete handle for the dependent. But in this case, we find that the same obsolete dependent handle is picked up again and so we keep forcing the re-parse until the ORA-4023 is raised.

2、从补丁readme来看，This patch is Data Guard Standby-First Installable - Please read My Oracle Support Note 1265700.1 https://support.us.oracle.com/oip/faces/secure/km/DocumentDisplay.jspx?id=1265700.1这说明了此补丁支持备库先应用的方式。所以您先给备库打是没问题的。
但请不要忘了在31天内给主库也打上（可以主备switchover后给新备库打），主备环境db home软件最大差异期限是31天。见 Doc ID 1265700.1 ：
The maximum supported duration to have different database home software between primary and standby is 31 days.