一、首先,来一段简单的冒泡排序的代码
list = [1,8,9,19,88,3,5,6,0,2,4,7,22,66,13]
mid = 0
for i in range(0,len(list)-1):
for j in range(i+1,len(list)):
if list[i]>list[j]:
mid = list[i]
list[i] = list[j]
list[j] = mid
print('list长度:', len(list))
print(list)
执行结果
list长度: 15
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 19, 22, 66, 88]
二、然后,以这个冒泡排序为例,讲解异常,分析如下
(1)如果程序中,某一个下标出现书写错误【将某处的下标 j 写成了 mj 】
list = [1,8,9,19,88,3,5,6,0,2,4,7,22,66,13]
mid = 0
for i in range(0,len(list)-1):
for j in range(i+1,len(list)):
if list[i]>list[j]:
mid = list[i]
list[i] = list[j]
list[mj] = mid #此处将 j 写成了 mj
print('list长度:', len(list))
print(list)
程序中断,执行报错。抛出一个NameError
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "G:/PycharmProjects/GUI_Pro/test/test1.py", line 8, in <module>
list[mj] = mid
NameError: name 'mj' is not defined
那么,我们考虑把这个异常捕获,使程序正常执行结束,而不发生中断
try:
list = [1,8,9,19,88,3,5,6,0,2,4,7,22,66,13]
mid = 0
for i in range(0,len(list)-1):
for j in range(i+1,len(list)):
if list[i]>list[j]:
mid = list[i]
list[i] = list[j]
list[mj] = mid
except NameError as e: #捕获这个异常,作为e
print('类型错误',e) #打印这个异常
else:
print('list长度:', len(list))
print(list)
print('没有异常,程序执行结束!')
程序执行,正常执行结束,捕获到异常
类型错误 name ‘mj’ is not defined
Process finished with exit code 0
(2)如果这个程序中,有多个异常
except (TypeError,NameError) as e:
发生多个异常中的一个,才执行这块代码,出现的错误类型不在括号内,无法捕获!
try:
list = [1,8,9,19,88,3,5,6,0,2,4,7,22,66,13]
mid = 0
for i in range(0,len(list)-1):
for j in range(i+1,len(list)):
if list[i]>list[j]:
mid = list[i]
list[i] = list[j]
list[mj] = mid
except (TypeError,NameError) as e: # 发生多个异常中的一个,才执行这块代码,出现的错误类型不在括号内,无法捕获!
print('类型错误',e)
else:
print('list长度:', len(list))
print(list)
print('没有异常,程序执行结束!')
执行程序,捕获到异常
类型错误 name ‘mj’ is not defined