今日内容:
1. Servlet
2. HTTP协议
3. Request
Servlet:
1. 概念
2. 步骤
3. 执行原理
4. 生命周期
5. Servlet3.0 注解配置
6. Servlet的体系结构
Servlet -- 接口
|
例如:
@WebServlet("/demo1")
public class ServletDemo1 implements Servlet {
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
}
@Override
public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
return null;
}
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo1...");
}
@Override
public String getServletInfo() {
return null;
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
}
GenericServlet -- 抽象类
例如:
@WebServlet("/demo2")
public class ServletDemo2 extends GenericServlet {
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo2...");
}
}
|
HttpServlet -- 抽象类
* GenericServlet:将Servlet接口中其他的方法做了默认空实现,只将service()方法作为抽象
* 将来定义Servlet类时,可以继承GenericServlet,实现service()方法即可
例如:
@WebServlet("/demo2")
public class ServletDemo2 extends GenericServlet {
@Override
public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo2...");
}
}
* HttpServlet:对http协议的一种封装,简化操作
1. 定义类继承HttpServlet
2. 复写doGet/doPost方法
7. Servlet相关配置
1. urlpartten:Servlet访问路径
1. 一个Servlet可以定义多个访问路径 : @WebServlet({"/d4","/dd4","/ddd4"})
2. 路径定义规则:
1. /xxx:路径匹配
2. /xxx/xxx:多层路径,目录结构
3. *.do:扩展名匹配
例如:
- /xxx:路径匹配
@WebServlet({"/d1","/d2","/d3"})
public class ServletDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println(“doGet请求4…”);
}
} - /xxx/xxx:多层路径,目录结构
@WebServlet("/demo/de1")
//@WebServlet("/demo/*")
public class ServletDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println(“doGet请求4…”);
}
} - .do:扩展名匹配
@WebServlet(".do")
public class ServletDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println(“doGet请求4…”);
}
}
HTTP:
* 概念:Hyper Text Transfer Protocol 超文本传输协议
* 传输协议:定义了,客户端和服务器端通信时,发送数据的格式
* 特点:
1. 基于TCP/IP的高级协议
2. 默认端口号:80
3. 基于请求/响应模型的:一次请求对应一次响应
4. 无状态的:每次请求之间相互独立,不能交互数据
* 历史版本:
* 1.0:每一次请求响应都会建立新的连接
* 1.1:复用连接
* 请求消息数据格式
1. 请求行
请求方式 请求url 请求协议/版本
GET /login.html HTTP/1.1
* 请求方式:
* HTTP协议有7中请求方式,常用的有2种
* GET:
1. 请求参数在请求行中,在url后。
2. 请求的url长度有限制的
3. 不太安全
* POST:
1. 请求参数在请求体中
2. 请求的url长度没有限制的
3. 相对安全
2. 请求头:客户端浏览器告诉服务器一些信息
请求头名称: 请求头值
* 常见的请求头:
1. User-Agent:浏览器告诉服务器,我访问你使用的浏览器版本信息
* 可以在服务器端获取该头的信息,解决浏览器的兼容性问题
2. Referer:http://localhost/login.html
* 告诉服务器,我(当前请求)从哪里来?
* 作用:
1. 防盗链:
2. 统计工作:
3. 请求空行
空行,就是用于分割POST请求的请求头,和请求体的。
4. 请求体(正文):
* 封装POST请求消息的请求参数的
* 字符串格式:
POST /login.html HTTP/1.1 请求行
Host: localhost 请求头
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0 浏览器版本信息
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2 支持的语言
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://localhost/login.html 告诉服务器,我(当前请求)从哪里来?
Connection: keep-alive
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
请求空行
username=zhangsan 请求体(正文)
* 响应消息数据格式
Request:
1. request对象和response对象的原理
1. request和response对象是由服务器创建的。我们来使用它们
2. request对象是来获取请求消息,response对象是来设置响应消息
2. request对象继承体系结构:
ServletRequest -- 接口
| 继承
HttpServletRequest -- 接口
| 实现
org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade 类(tomcat)
3. request功能:
1. 获取请求消息数据
1. 获取请求行数据
* GET /day14/demo1?name=zhangsan HTTP/1.1
* 方法:
1. 获取请求方式 :GET
* String getMethod()
2. (*)获取虚拟目录:/day14
* String getContextPath()
3. 获取Servlet路径: /demo1
* String getServletPath()
4. 获取get方式请求参数:name=zhangsan
* String getQueryString()
5. (*)获取请求URI:/day14/demo1
* String getRequestURI(): /day14/demo1
* StringBuffer getRequestURL() :http://localhost/day14/demo1
* URL:统一资源定位符 : http://localhost/day14/demo1 中华人民共和国
* URI:统一资源标识符 : /day14/demo1 共和国
6. 获取协议及版本:HTTP/1.1
* String getProtocol()
7. 获取客户机的IP地址:
* String getRemoteAddr()
例如:
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1. 获取请求方式 :GET
String method=request.getMethod();
System.out.println(method);
//2.()获取虚拟目录:
String getcontestpath=request.getContextPath();
System.out.println(getcontestpath);
//3.获取Servlet路径:
String getservletpath=request.getServletPath();
System.out.println(getservletpath);
//4. 获取get方式请求参数
String getquerystring=request.getQueryString();
System.out.println(getquerystring);
//5.()获取请求URI
String getrequesturi=request.getRequestURI();
StringBuffer requesturl= request.getRequestURL();
System.out.println(getrequesturi);
System.out.println(requesturl);
//6.获取协议及版本
String getprotocol=request.getProtocol();
System.out.println(getprotocol);
//7.获取客户机的IP地址:
String getremoteaddr=request.getRemoteAddr();
System.out.println(getremoteaddr);
}
2. 获取请求头数据
* 方法:
* (*)String getHeader(String name):通过请求头的名称获取请求头的值
* Enumeration<String> getHeaderNames():获取所有的请求头名称
例如:
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//演示请求头数据
//1.获取所有请求头名称
Enumeration<String> headerNames=request.getHeaderNames();
//2.遍历
while(headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
String name=headerNames.nextElement();
//根据名称获取请求头的值
String value=request.getHeader(name);
System.out.println(name+"-----"+value);
}
}
例如:
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//演示获取请求头数据:user-agent
String agent=request.getHeader("user-agent");
//判断qgent的浏览器版本
if(agent.contains("Chrome")){
//谷歌
System.out.println("使用的为谷歌浏览器");
}else if(agent.contains("Firefox")){
//火狐浏览器
System.out.println("使用的为火狐浏览器");
}
}
例如:
java文件
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//演示获取请求头数据:referer
String referer=request.getHeader("referer");
System.out.println(referer);
//防盗链-电影网站
if(referer!=null){
if(referer.contains("/day14")){
//如果跳转前的连接中含有day14路径,则为正常
System.out.println("播放电影");
}else{
//如不含有day14则为盗链
System.out.println("这是盗版连接,无法播放");
}
}
}
html文件
3. 获取请求体数据:
* 请求体:只有POST请求方式,才有请求体,在请求体中封装了POST请求的请求参数
* 步骤:
1. 获取流对象
* BufferedReader getReader():获取字符输入流,只能操作字符数据
* ServletInputStream getInputStream():获取字节输入流,可以操作所有类型数据
* 在文件上传知识点后讲解
2. 再从流对象中拿数据
例如
regist.html文件
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入密码" name="password">
<input type="submit" value="注册">
java文件
RequestDemo5.java
package cn.itcast.web.request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo5")
public class RequestDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取请求消息体–请求参数
//1.获取字符流
BufferedReader br = request.getReader();
//2.读取数据
String line = null;
while((line = br.readLine()) != null){
System.out.println(line);
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
运行结果:
2. 其他功能:
1. 获取请求参数通用方式:不论get还是post请求方式都可以使用下列方法来获取请求参数
1. String getParameter(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值 username=zs&password=123
2. String[] getParameterValues(String name):根据参数名称获取参数值的数组 hobby=xx&hobby=game
3. Enumeration<String> getParameterNames():获取所有请求的参数名称
4. Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap():获取所有参数的map集合
regist2.html文件
<input type="text" placeholder="请输入密码" name="password">
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="game">游戏
<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="study">学习
<input type="submit" value="注册">
RequestDemo6.java文件
package cn.itcast.web.request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//post获取请求参数与
//设置流的编码------解决中文乱码问题
request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//根据参数名称获取参数值
String username=request.getParameter("username");
System.out.println("post");
System.out.println(username);
System.out.println("------------------");
// 根据参数名称获取参数值的数组
String [] hobbies=request.getParameterValues("hobby");
for(String hobby:hobbies){
System.out.println(hobby);
}
System.out.println("------------------");
//获取所有请求参数的名称
Enumeration<String> parameterNames=request.getParameterNames();
while(parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
String name=parameterNames.nextElement();
System.out.println(name);
String value=request.getParameter(name);
System.out.println(value);
System.out.println("------------------");
}
//获取所有参数的map集合
Map<String,String[]> parameterMap=request.getParameterMap();
//遍历
Set<String> keyset=parameterMap.keySet();
for(String name:keyset){
//根据建获取值
String[] values=parameterMap.get(name);
System.out.println(name);
for(String value:values){
System.out.println(value);
}
System.out.println("************");
}
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//get获取请求参数
// //根据参数名称获取参数值
// String username=request.getParameter(“username”);
// System.out.println(“get”);
// System.out.println(username);
//简化代码,上边这些|可以不写>
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
运行结果:
* 中文乱码问题:
* get方式:tomcat 8 已经将get方式乱码问题解决了
* post方式:会乱码
* 解决:在获取参数前,设置request的编码request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
2. 请求转发:一种在服务器内部的资源跳转方式
1. 步骤:
1. 通过request对象获取请求转发器对象:RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)
2. 使用RequestDispatcher对象来进行转发:forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
2. 特点:
1. 浏览器地址栏路径不发生变化
2. 只能转发到当前服务器内部资源中。
3. 转发是一次请求
RequestDemo8.java文件
package cn.itcast.web.request;
import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo8")
public class RequestDemo8 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println(“demo888888被访问了”);
//存储数据到request域中–用于共享
request.setAttribute(“msg”,“hello”);
//转发到demo9资源
// RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher=request.getRequestDispatcher("/reuestDemo9");
// requestDispatcher.forward(request,response);
// 简化上边代码
request.getRequestDispatcher("/requestDemo9").forward(request,response);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
RequestDemo9.java文件
package cn.itcast.web.request;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo9")
public class RequestDemo9 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println(“demo99999被访问了”);
} //获取显示共享数据
Object msg=request.getAttribute(“msg”);
System.out.println(msg);
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
运行结果:
3. 共享数据:
* 域对象:一个有作用范围的对象,可以在范围内共享数据
* request域:代表一次请求的范围,一般用于请求转发的多个资源中共享数据
* 方法:
1. void setAttribute(String name,Object obj):存储数据
2. Object getAttitude(String name):通过键获取值
3. void removeAttribute(String name):通过键移除键值对
4. 获取ServletContext:
* ServletContext getServletContext()
package cn.itcast.web.request;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/requestDemo10")
public class RequestDemo10 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext servletContext=request.getServletContext();
System.out.println(servletContext);
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
运行结果
案例:用户登录
* 用户登录案例需求:
1.编写login.html登录页面
username & password 两个输入框
2.使用Druid数据库连接池技术,操作mysql,day14数据库中user表
3.使用JdbcTemplate技术封装JDBC
4.登录成功跳转到SuccessServlet展示:登录成功!用户名,欢迎您
5.登录失败跳转到FailServlet展示:登录失败,用户名或密码错误
* 分析
代码:
* 开发步骤
1. 创建项目,导入html页面,配置文件,jar包
2. 创建数据库环境
CREATE DATABASE day14;
USE day14;
CREATE TABLE USER(
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
username VARCHAR(32) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
PASSWORD VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL
);
3. 创建包cn.itcast.domain,创建类User
package cn.itcast.domain;
/**
* 用户的实体类
*/
public class User {
private int id;
private String username;
private String password;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
4. 创建包cn.itcast.util,编写工具类JDBCUtils
package cn.itcast.util;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourceFactory;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import javax.xml.crypto.Data;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
* JDBC工具类 使用Durid连接池
*/
public class JDBCUtils {
private static DataSource ds ;
static {
try {
//1.加载配置文件
Properties pro = new Properties();
//使用ClassLoader加载配置文件,获取字节输入流
InputStream is = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("druid.properties");
pro.load(is);
//2.初始化连接池对象
ds = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(pro);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 获取连接池对象
*/
public static DataSource getDataSource(){
return ds;
}
/**
* 获取连接Connection对象
*/
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return ds.getConnection();
}
}
5. 创建包cn.itcast.dao,创建类UserDao,提供login方法
package cn.itcast.dao;
import cn.itcast.domain.User;
import cn.itcast.util.JDBCUtils;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
/**
* 操作数据库中User表的类
*/
public class UserDao {
//声明JDBCTemplate对象共用
private JdbcTemplate template = new JdbcTemplate(JDBCUtils.getDataSource());
/**
* 登录方法
* @param loginUser 只有用户名和密码
* @return user包含用户全部数据,没有查询到,返回null
*/
public User login(User loginUser){
try {
//1.编写sql
String sql = "select * from user where username = ? and password = ?";
//2.调用query方法
User user = template.queryForObject(sql,
new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class),
loginUser.getUsername(), loginUser.getPassword());
return user;
} catch (DataAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();//记录日志
return null;
}
}
}
6. 编写cn.itcast.web.servlet.LoginServlet类
package cn.itcast.web.servlet;
import cn.itcast.dao.UserDao;
import cn.itcast.domain.User;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet("/loginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.设置编码
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//2.获取请求参数
String username = req.getParameter("username");
String password = req.getParameter("password");
//3.封装user对象
User loginUser = new User();
loginUser.setUsername(username);
loginUser.setPassword(password);
//4.调用UserDao的login方法
UserDao dao = new UserDao();
User user = dao.login(loginUser);
//5.判断user
if(user == null){
//登录失败
req.getRequestDispatcher("/failServlet").forward(req,resp);
}else{
//登录成功
//存储数据
req.setAttribute("user",user);
//转发
req.getRequestDispatcher("/successServlet").forward(req,resp);
}
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doGet(req,resp);
}
}
7. 编写FailServlet和SuccessServlet类
@WebServlet("/successServlet")
public class SuccessServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取request域中共享的user对象
User user = (User) request.getAttribute("user");
if(user != null){
//给页面写一句话
//设置编码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//输出
response.getWriter().write("登录成功!"+user.getUsername()+",欢迎您");
}
}
@WebServlet("/failServlet")
public class FailServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//给页面写一句话
//设置编码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//输出
response.getWriter().write("登录失败,用户名或密码错误");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
8. login.html中form表单的action路径的写法
* 虚拟目录+Servlet的资源路径
9. BeanUtils工具类,简化数据封装
* 用于封装JavaBean的
1. JavaBean:标准的Java类
1. 要求:
1. 类必须被public修饰
2. 必须提供空参的构造器
3. 成员变量必须使用private修饰
4. 提供公共setter和getter方法
2. 功能:封装数据
2. 概念:
成员变量:
属性:setter和getter方法截取后的产物
例如:getUsername() --> Username--> username
3. 方法:
1. setProperty()
2. getProperty()
3. populate(Object obj , Map map):将map集合的键值对信息,封装到对应的JavaBean对象中