多粒子问题一：单个粒子在电磁叠加场的运动仿真

序言

Precondition

A proton is placed in A uniform magnetic field B,with magnitude 1.2 *10^(-3) T,under combined influence of a uniform electric field of magnitude E = 1.65 * 10^6 N/C

Part 1

the simplest model-- Motion of the single particle

E = 0.3;    %决定粒子往x轴运动的情况
B = 0.65;   %决定粒子往y轴旋转的情况
x = zeros(1,100);
y = zeros(1,100);
vx = zeros(1,100);
vy = zeros(1,100);
t = zeros(1,100);
vx(1) = 1;
%vy(1) = 1;
dt = 0.01;
i = 1;
kappa = 9.6;
while i<round(10/dt)     %保证变量时间t不超过10
    vx(i+1) = vx(i) + ...%欧拉迭代法先走半步，在中点处计算函数值
        dt*kappa*(E - (vy(i)+dt*0.5*kappa*vx(i)*B)*B);    
    vy(i+1) = vy(i) + ...
        dt*kappa*(vx(i) + dt*0.5*kappa*(E - vy(i)*B))*B; %同上
    x(i+1) = x(i) + dt*vx(i+1);
    y(i+1) = y(i) + dt*vy(i+1);
    t(i+1) = t(i) + dt;
    i = i + 1;
end

粒子的运动轨迹如下图

Part2

单步法(Euler’s Method)

温故而知新，简单说明一下吧！
一般地，单步法可以有如下公式表示
$$y_{n+1}=y_n+hf(t_n,y_n)$$
上述计算方法最大问题是无法进行误差分析，也就是说通过调整步长$h$来获得需要的精度值

模拟中点法（midpoint analogue)

$$\begin{gathered} s_1=f(t_n,y_n) \\ {s}_2=f(t_n+h/2,y_n+h/2s_1) \\ {y}_{n+1}=y_n+h{s}_2 \end{gathered}$$

模拟梯形法（trapezoid analogue)

$$\begin{gathered} s_1=f(t_n,y_n) \\ {s}_2=f(t_n+h,y_n+h{s}_2) \\ {y}_{n+1}=y_n+h(s_2+s_1)/2 \end{gathered}$$