[JDK工具-8] jstack java堆栈跟踪工具

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已于 2024-05-27 23:11:16 修改

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在这里插入图片描述

jstack（stack trace for java）

文章目录

1. 介绍
2. 线程状态
3. Monitor（监视器）
4. 调用修饰
5. 线程动作
6. jstack命令格式
7. 使用示例 jstack -l pid

1. 介绍

位置：jdk\bin

jstack是java虚拟机自带的一种堆栈跟踪工具。jstack用于打印出给定的java进程ID或core file或远程调试服务的Java堆栈信息，如果是在64位机器上，需要指定选项”-J-d64”
主要分为两个功能：
- 针对活着的进程做本地的或远程的线程dump
- 针对core文件做线程dump
jstack用于生成java虚拟机当前时刻的线程快照。
线程快照是当前java虚拟机内每一条线程正在执行的方法堆栈的集合，生成线程快照的主要目的是定位线程出现长时间停顿的原因，如线程间死锁、死循环、请求外部资源导致的长时间等待等。
线程出现停顿的时候通过jstack来查看各个线程的调用堆栈，就可以知道没有响应的线程到底在后台做什么事情，或者等待什么资源。
如果java程序崩溃生成core文件，jstack工具可以用来获得core文件的java stack和native stack的信息，从而可以轻松地知道java程序是如何崩溃和在程序何处发生问题。
另外，jstack工具还可以附属到正在运行的java程序中，看到当时运行的java程序的java stack和native stack的信息, 如果现在运行的java程序呈现hung的状态，jstack是非常有用的。

jstack命令主要用来查看Java线程的调用堆栈的，可以用来分析线程问题（如死锁）。

2. 线程状态

想要通过jstack命令来分析线程的情况的话，首先要知道线程都有哪些状态，下面这些状态是我们使用jstack命令查看线程堆栈信息时可能会看到的线程的几种状态：

NEW：未启动的。不会出现在Dump中。
RUNNABLE：在虚拟机内执行的。运行中状态，可能里面还能看到locked字样，表明它获得了某把锁。
BLOCKED：受阻塞并等待监视器锁。被某个锁(synchronizers)給block住了。
WATING：无限期等待另一个线程执行特定操作。等待某个condition或monitor发生，一般停留在park(), wait(),sleep(),join() 等语句里。
TIMED_WATING：有时限的等待另一个线程的特定操作。和WAITING的区别是wait() 等语句加上了时间限制 wait(timeout)。
TERMINATED：已退出的。

关于线程状态，具体也可以查看：java.lang.Thread.State类。

public class Thread implements Runnable {
    public enum State {
        /**
         * Thread state for a thread which has not yet started.
         */
        NEW,

        /**
         * Thread state for a runnable thread.  A thread in the runnable
         * state is executing in the Java virtual machine but it may
         * be waiting for other resources from the operating system
         * such as processor.
         */
        RUNNABLE,

        /**
         * Thread state for a thread blocked waiting for a monitor lock.
         * A thread in the blocked state is waiting for a monitor lock
         * to enter a synchronized block/method or
         * reenter a synchronized block/method after calling
         * {@link Object#wait() Object.wait}.
         */
        BLOCKED,

        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread.
         * A thread is in the waiting state due to calling one of the
         * following methods:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait() Object.wait} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join() Thread.join} with no timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#park() LockSupport.park}</li>
         * </ul>
         *
         * <p>A thread in the waiting state is waiting for another thread to
         * perform a particular action.
         *
         * For example, a thread that has called <tt>Object.wait()</tt>
         * on an object is waiting for another thread to call
         * <tt>Object.notify()</tt> or <tt>Object.notifyAll()</tt> on
         * that object. A thread that has called <tt>Thread.join()</tt>
         * is waiting for a specified thread to terminate.
         */
        WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a waiting thread with a specified waiting time.
         * A thread is in the timed waiting state due to calling one of
         * the following methods with a specified positive waiting time:
         * <ul>
         *   <li>{@link #sleep Thread.sleep}</li>
         *   <li>{@link Object#wait(long) Object.wait} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link #join(long) Thread.join} with timeout</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkNanos LockSupport.parkNanos}</li>
         *   <li>{@link LockSupport#parkUntil LockSupport.parkUntil}</li>
         * </ul>
         */
        TIMED_WAITING,

        /**
         * Thread state for a terminated thread.
         * The thread has completed execution.
         */
        TERMINATED;
    }
}

3. Monitor（监视器）

在多线程的 JAVA程序中，实现线程之间的同步，就要说说 Monitor。 Monitor是 Java中用以实现线程之间的互斥与协作的主要手段，它可以看成是对象或者 Class的锁。每一个对象都有，也仅有一个 monitor。下面这个图，描述了线程和 Monitor之间关系，以及线程的状态转换图：
在这里插入图片描述

进入区(Entrt Set)：表示线程通过synchronized要求获取对象的锁。如果对象未被锁住，则成为拥有者；否则则在进入区等待。一旦对象锁被其他线程释放，立即参与竞争。
拥有者(The Owner)：表示某一线程成功竞争到对象锁。
等待区(Wait Set)：表示线程通过对象的wait方法,释放对象的锁,并在等待区等待被唤醒。

从图中可以看出，一个 Monitor在某个时刻，只能被一个线程拥有，该线程就是 “Active Thread”，而其它线程都是 “Waiting Thread”，分别在两个队列 “ Entry Set”和 “Wait Set”里面等候。在 “Entry Set”中等待的线程状态是 “Waiting for monitor entry”，而在“Wait Set”中等待的线程状态是 “in Object.wait()”。先看 “Entry Set”里面的线程。我们称被 synchronized保护起来的代码段为临界区。当一个线程申请进入临界区时，它就进入了 “Entry Set”队列。对应的 code就像：

synchronized(obj) {
    //.........
}

4. 调用修饰

表示线程在方法调用时,额外的重要的操作。线程Dump分析的重要信息。修饰上方的方法调用。

locked <地址> 目标：使用synchronized申请对象锁成功,监视器的拥有者。
waiting to lock <地址> 目标：使用synchronized申请对象锁未成功,在迚入区等待。
waiting on <地址> 目标：使用synchronized申请对象锁成功后,释放锁幵在等待区等待。
parking to wait for <地址> 目标

4.1 locked

at oracle.jdbc.driver.PhysicalConnection.prepareStatement
- locked <0x00002aab63bf7f58> (a oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CConnection)
at oracle.jdbc.driver.PhysicalConnection.prepareStatement
- locked <0x00002aab63bf7f58> (a oracle.jdbc.driver.T4CConnection)
at com.jiuqi.dna.core.internal.db.datasource.PooledConnection.prepareStatement

通过synchronized关键字，成功获取到了对象的锁，成为监视器的拥有者，在临界区内操作。对象锁是可以线程重入的。

4.2 waiting to lock

at com.jiuqi.dna.core.impl.CacheHolder.isVisibleIn(CacheHolder.java:165)
- waiting to lock <0x0000000097ba9aa8> (a CacheHolder)
at com.jiuqi.dna.core.impl.CacheGroup$Index.findHolder
at com.jiuqi.dna.core.impl.ContextImpl.find
at com.jiuqi.dna.bap.basedata.common.util.BaseDataCenter.findInfo

通过synchronized关键字，没有获取到了对象的锁，线程在监视器的进入区等待。在调用栈顶出现，线程状态为Blocked。

4.3 waiting on

at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
- waiting on <0x00000000da2defb0> (a WorkingThread)
at com.jiuqi.dna.core.impl.WorkingManager.getWorkToDo
- locked <0x00000000da2defb0> (a WorkingThread)
at com.jiuqi.dna.core.impl.WorkingThread.run

通过synchronized关键字,成功获取到了对象的锁后,调用了wait方法,进入对象的等待区等待。在调用栈顶出现,线程状态为WAITING或TIMED_WATING。

4.4 parking to wait for

park是基本的线程阻塞原语，不通过监视器在对象上阻塞。随concurrent包会出现的新的机制，与synchronized体系不同。

5. 线程动作

线程状态产生的原因：

runnable：状态一般为RUNNABLE。
in Object.wait()：等待区等待，状态为WAITING或TIMED_WAITING。
waiting for monitor entry：进入区等待，状态为BLOCKED。
waiting on condition：等待区等待、被park。
sleeping：休眠的线程，调用了Thread.sleep()。

Wait on condition 该状态出现在线程等待某个条件的发生。具体是什么原因，可以结合 stacktrace来分析。最常见的情况就是线程处于sleep状态，等待被唤醒。常见的情况还有等待网络IO：在java引入nio之前，对于每个网络连接，都有一个对应的线程来处理网络的读写操作，即使没有可读写的数据，线程仍然阻塞在读写操作上，这样有可能造成资源浪费，而且给操作系统的线程调度也带来压力。在 NewIO里采用了新的机制，编写的服务器程序的性能和可扩展性都得到提高。正等待网络读写，这可能是一个网络瓶颈的征兆。因为网络阻塞导致线程无法执行。一种情况是网络非常忙，几乎消耗了所有的带宽，仍然有大量数据等待网络读写；另一种情况也可能是网络空闲，但由于路由等问题，导致包无法正常的到达。所以要结合系统的一些性能观察工具来综合分析，比如 netstat统计单位时间的发送包的数目，如果很明显超过了所在网络带宽的限制 ; 观察 cpu的利用率，如果系统态的 CPU时间，相对于用户态的 CPU时间比例较高；如果程序运行在 Solaris 10平台上，可以用 dtrace工具看系统调用的情况，如果观察到 read/write的系统调用的次数或者运行时间遥遥领先；这些都指向由于网络带宽所限导致的网络瓶颈。

6. jstack命令格式

jstack [ option ] pid
jstack [ option ] executable core
jstack [ option ] [server-id@]remote-hostname-or-IP

常用参数说明

1）options：

executable Java executable from which the core dump was produced.(可能是产生core dump的java可执行程序)

core 将被打印信息的core dump文件

remote-hostname-or-IP 远程debug服务的主机名或ip

server-id 唯一id,假如一台主机上多个远程debug服务

2）基本参数：

-F 当’jstack [-l] pid’没有响应的时候，强制打印线程堆栈信息，一般情况不需要使用
-l 长列表. 打印关于锁的附加信息，例如属于java.util.concurrent的ownable synchronizers列表，会使得JVM停顿得长久得多（可能会- 差很多倍，比如普通的jstack可能几毫秒和一次GC没区别，加了-l 就是近一秒的时间），-l 建议不要用，一般情况不需要使用
-m 打印java和native c/c++框架的所有栈信息.可以打印JVM的堆栈，显示上Native的栈帧，一般应用排查不需要使用
-h | -help打印帮助信息
pid 需要被打印配置信息的java进程id，可以用jps查询

7. 使用示例 jstack -l pid

7.1 死循环

package com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo;

public class WhileTrueDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        while (true) {

        }
    }
}

D:\javasoft\java_soft\jdk\bin>jps -l
13072 org/netbeans/Main
16212 com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.DeadLockDemo
8644 com.xin.demo.XinJavaDemoApplication
12936 sun.tools.jps.Jps
5560
17292 com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.WhileTrueDemo
8140 org.jetbrains.jps.cmdline.Launcher

D:\javasoft\java_soft\jdk\bin>jstack 17292
2024-05-27 19:37:35
Full thread dump Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (25.271-b09 mixed mode):

"Service Thread" #11 daemon prio=9 os_prio=0 tid=0x000001b3f75ab000 nid=0x3728 runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C1 CompilerThread3" #10 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001b3f74ef800 nid=0x3d38 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C2 CompilerThread2" #9 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001b3f74e2000 nid=0x3108 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C2 CompilerThread1" #8 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001b3f74dd000 nid=0x2744 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"C2 CompilerThread0" #7 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001b3f74d6000 nid=0xa68 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Monitor Ctrl-Break" #6 daemon prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000001b3f749f800 nid=0x2798 runnable [0x00000050090fe000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead0(Native Method)
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead(SocketInputStream.java:116)
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:171)
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:141)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.readBytes(StreamDecoder.java:284)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.implRead(StreamDecoder.java:326)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.read(StreamDecoder.java:178)
        - locked <0x00000000db6afad8> (a java.io.InputStreamReader)
        at java.io.InputStreamReader.read(InputStreamReader.java:184)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.fill(BufferedReader.java:161)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:324)
        - locked <0x00000000db6afad8> (a java.io.InputStreamReader)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:389)
        at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMainV2$1.run(AppMainV2.java:53)

"Attach Listener" #5 daemon prio=5 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001b3f5358800 nid=0x3c7c waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Signal Dispatcher" #4 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001b3f5347800 nid=0x28fc runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

"Finalizer" #3 daemon prio=8 os_prio=1 tid=0x000001b3f5315000 nid=0x342c in Object.wait() [0x0000005008dff000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
        - waiting on <0x00000000db308ee0> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
        at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:144)
        - locked <0x00000000db308ee0> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
        at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:165)
        at java.lang.ref.Finalizer$FinalizerThread.run(Finalizer.java:216)

"Reference Handler" #2 daemon prio=10 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001b3df826000 nid=0xdb8 in Object.wait() [0x0000005008cff000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
        - waiting on <0x00000000db306c00> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:502)
        at java.lang.ref.Reference.tryHandlePending(Reference.java:191)
        - locked <0x00000000db306c00> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
        at java.lang.ref.Reference$ReferenceHandler.run(Reference.java:153)

"main" #1 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000001b3df78c000 nid=0x2f60 runnable [0x00000050082ff000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
        at com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.WhileTrueDemo.main(WhileTrueDemo.java:5)

"VM Thread" os_prio=2 tid=0x000001b3df823800 nid=0x21ec runnable

"GC task thread#0 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001b3df7a5800 nid=0x267c runnable

"GC task thread#1 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001b3df7a7000 nid=0x4688 runnable

"GC task thread#2 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001b3df7a9000 nid=0x798 runnable

"GC task thread#3 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001b3df7aa800 nid=0x1074 runnable

"GC task thread#4 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001b3df7ac800 nid=0x2908 runnable

"GC task thread#5 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001b3df7ad800 nid=0x475c runnable

"GC task thread#6 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001b3df7b0800 nid=0x46d4 runnable

"GC task thread#7 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001b3df7b1800 nid=0x2e08 runnable

"VM Periodic Task Thread" os_prio=2 tid=0x000001b3f760e800 nid=0x1b54 waiting on condition

JNI global references: 12

在这里插入图片描述

7.2 Object.wait()情况

public class ObjectWaitDemo {
    static class TestTask implements Runnable {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            synchronized (this) {
                try {
                    //等待被唤醒
                    wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService ex = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
        ex.execute(new TestTask());
    }
}

D:\javasoft\java_soft\jdk\bin>jps -l
10480 sun.tools.jps.Jps
13072 org/netbeans/Main
14420 org.jetbrains.jps.cmdline.Launcher
16212 com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.DeadLockDemo
8644 com.xin.demo.XinJavaDemoApplication
16040 com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.ObjectWaitDemo
5560
17292 com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.WhileTrueDemo

D:\javasoft\java_soft\jdk\bin>jstack -l 16040
2024-05-27 19:49:09
Full thread dump Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (25.271-b09 mixed mode):

"DestroyJavaVM" #13 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000001fd863fb800 nid=0x37f4 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"pool-1-thread-1" #12 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000001fd9e1c5000 nid=0x26d4 in Object.wait() [0x00000023288ff000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
        - waiting on <0x00000000db7303c8> (a com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.ObjectWaitDemo$TestTask)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:502)
        at com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.ObjectWaitDemo$TestTask.run(ObjectWaitDemo.java:13)
        - locked <0x00000000db7303c8> (a com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.ObjectWaitDemo$TestTask)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - <0x00000000db730f20> (a java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker)

"Service Thread" #11 daemon prio=9 os_prio=0 tid=0x000001fd9e08c800 nid=0x36d0 runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"C1 CompilerThread3" #10 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001fd9e064800 nid=0x3868 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"C2 CompilerThread2" #9 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001fd9dff3800 nid=0x406c waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"C2 CompilerThread1" #8 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001fd9dff0000 nid=0x96c waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"C2 CompilerThread0" #7 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001fd9dfda800 nid=0x3d8 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"Monitor Ctrl-Break" #6 daemon prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000001fd9dfe2800 nid=0x40a8 runnable [0x00000023281fe000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead0(Native Method)
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead(SocketInputStream.java:116)
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:171)
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:141)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.readBytes(StreamDecoder.java:284)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.implRead(StreamDecoder.java:326)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.read(StreamDecoder.java:178)
        - locked <0x00000000db6afa48> (a java.io.InputStreamReader)
        at java.io.InputStreamReader.read(InputStreamReader.java:184)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.fill(BufferedReader.java:161)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:324)
        - locked <0x00000000db6afa48> (a java.io.InputStreamReader)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:389)
        at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMainV2$1.run(AppMainV2.java:53)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"Attach Listener" #5 daemon prio=5 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001fd9be08000 nid=0x3f60 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"Signal Dispatcher" #4 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001fd9da58800 nid=0x16c0 runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"Finalizer" #3 daemon prio=8 os_prio=1 tid=0x000001fd8649a800 nid=0x3d28 in Object.wait() [0x0000002327eff000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
        - waiting on <0x00000000db308ee0> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
        at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:144)
        - locked <0x00000000db308ee0> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
        at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:165)
        at java.lang.ref.Finalizer$FinalizerThread.run(Finalizer.java:216)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"Reference Handler" #2 daemon prio=10 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001fd9bdd7000 nid=0x3484 in Object.wait() [0x0000002327dff000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
        - waiting on <0x00000000db306c00> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:502)
        at java.lang.ref.Reference.tryHandlePending(Reference.java:191)
        - locked <0x00000000db306c00> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
        at java.lang.ref.Reference$ReferenceHandler.run(Reference.java:153)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"VM Thread" os_prio=2 tid=0x000001fd9bdb2800 nid=0xbac runnable

"GC task thread#0 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001fd86414000 nid=0x4508 runnable

"GC task thread#1 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001fd86415800 nid=0x3a6c runnable

"GC task thread#2 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001fd86417800 nid=0x1768 runnable

"GC task thread#3 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001fd86419000 nid=0x357c runnable

"GC task thread#4 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001fd8641b000 nid=0x3510 runnable

"GC task thread#5 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001fd8641c000 nid=0x22cc runnable

"GC task thread#6 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001fd8641f000 nid=0x770 runnable

"GC task thread#7 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001fd86420000 nid=0x3520 runnable

"VM Periodic Task Thread" os_prio=2 tid=0x000001fd9e11e800 nid=0x3950 waiting on condition

JNI global references: 12

在这里插入图片描述

7.3 死锁情况

public class DeadLockDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Object obj1 = new Object();
        Object obj2 = new Object();
        ExecutorService ex = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
        // 起10个线程
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            int order = i % 2 == 0 ? 1 : 0;
            ex.execute(new TestTask(order, obj1, obj2));
        }
    }
    static class TestTask implements Runnable {
        private Object obj1;
        private Object obj2;
        private int order;
        public TestTask(int order, Object obj1, Object obj2) {
            this.order = order;
            this.obj1 = obj1;
            this.obj2 = obj2;
        }
        public void test1() throws InterruptedException {
            synchronized (obj1) {
                synchronized (obj2) {
                    System.out.println("test。。。");
                }
            }
        }
        public void test2() throws InterruptedException {
            synchronized (obj2) {
                synchronized (obj1) {
                    System.out.println("test。。。");
                }
            }
        }
        @Override
        public void run() {
            while (true) {
                try {
                    if (this.order == 1) {
                        this.test1();
                    } else {
                        this.test2();
                    }
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

我们先通过jps查找到程序的进程，然后通过jstack查看线程堆栈，很快就可以发现死锁

D:\javasoft\java_soft\jdk\bin>jps -l
13072 org/netbeans/Main
16212 com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.DeadLockDemo
8644 com.xin.demo.XinJavaDemoApplication
1032 sun.tools.jps.Jps
16040 com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.ObjectWaitDemo
16136 com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.DeadLockDemo1
18248 org.jetbrains.jps.cmdline.Launcher
5560
17292 com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.WhileTrueDemo

D:\javasoft\java_soft\jdk\bin>jstack -l 16136
2024-05-27 20:00:34
Full thread dump Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (25.271-b09 mixed mode):

"DestroyJavaVM" #14 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000001f2358ac800 nid=0xe64 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"pool-1-thread-2" #13 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000001f24d69c000 nid=0x456c waiting for monitor entry [0x0000004d5e5fe000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
        at com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.DeadLockDemo1$TestTask.test2(DeadLockDemo1.java:36)
        - waiting to lock <0x00000000db718800> (a java.lang.Object)
        - locked <0x00000000db718810> (a java.lang.Object)
        at com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.DeadLockDemo1$TestTask.run(DeadLockDemo1.java:47)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - <0x00000000db732150> (a java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker)

"pool-1-thread-1" #12 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000001f24d69b800 nid=0x3c50 waiting for monitor entry [0x0000004d5e4ff000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: BLOCKED (on object monitor)
        at com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.DeadLockDemo1$TestTask.test1(DeadLockDemo1.java:29)
        - waiting to lock <0x00000000db718810> (a java.lang.Object)
        - locked <0x00000000db718800> (a java.lang.Object)
        at com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.DeadLockDemo1$TestTask.run(DeadLockDemo1.java:45)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - <0x00000000db731e40> (a java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker)

"Service Thread" #11 daemon prio=9 os_prio=0 tid=0x000001f24d585800 nid=0x2af0 runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"C1 CompilerThread3" #10 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001f24d517800 nid=0x13e0 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"C2 CompilerThread2" #9 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001f24d508000 nid=0x2a10 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"C2 CompilerThread1" #8 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001f24d30d800 nid=0xc8c waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"C2 CompilerThread0" #7 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001f24d4ab000 nid=0x3230 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"Monitor Ctrl-Break" #6 daemon prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000001f24d4a9800 nid=0x3ca8 runnable [0x0000004d5ddfe000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead0(Native Method)
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead(SocketInputStream.java:116)
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:171)
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:141)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.readBytes(StreamDecoder.java:284)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.implRead(StreamDecoder.java:326)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.read(StreamDecoder.java:178)
        - locked <0x00000000db6afad8> (a java.io.InputStreamReader)
        at java.io.InputStreamReader.read(InputStreamReader.java:184)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.fill(BufferedReader.java:161)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:324)
        - locked <0x00000000db6afad8> (a java.io.InputStreamReader)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:389)
        at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMainV2$1.run(AppMainV2.java:53)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"Attach Listener" #5 daemon prio=5 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001f24b309800 nid=0x1cbc waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"Signal Dispatcher" #4 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001f24b35e800 nid=0xfd0 runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"Finalizer" #3 daemon prio=8 os_prio=1 tid=0x000001f23594d800 nid=0x17c4 in Object.wait() [0x0000004d5daff000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
        - waiting on <0x00000000db308ee0> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
        at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:144)
        - locked <0x00000000db308ee0> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
        at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:165)
        at java.lang.ref.Finalizer$FinalizerThread.run(Finalizer.java:216)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"Reference Handler" #2 daemon prio=10 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001f235947000 nid=0x704 in Object.wait() [0x0000004d5d9fe000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
        - waiting on <0x00000000db306c00> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:502)
        at java.lang.ref.Reference.tryHandlePending(Reference.java:191)
        - locked <0x00000000db306c00> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
        at java.lang.ref.Reference$ReferenceHandler.run(Reference.java:153)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"VM Thread" os_prio=2 tid=0x000001f24b2b0800 nid=0x25c4 runnable

"GC task thread#0 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001f2358c5000 nid=0x2bd4 runnable

"GC task thread#1 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001f2358c6000 nid=0x47b8 runnable

"GC task thread#2 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001f2358c8800 nid=0x45ac runnable

"GC task thread#3 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001f2358c9800 nid=0x252c runnable

"GC task thread#4 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001f2358cc000 nid=0x2280 runnable

"GC task thread#5 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001f2358cc800 nid=0x4528 runnable

"GC task thread#6 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001f2358cf800 nid=0x44b8 runnable

"GC task thread#7 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001f2358d0800 nid=0x1520 runnable

"VM Periodic Task Thread" os_prio=2 tid=0x000001f24d608000 nid=0x42fc waiting on condition

JNI global references: 12


Found one Java-level deadlock:
=============================
"pool-1-thread-2":
  waiting to lock monitor 0x000001f23594ac58 (object 0x00000000db718800, a java.lang.Object),
  which is held by "pool-1-thread-1"
"pool-1-thread-1":
  waiting to lock monitor 0x000001f23594c258 (object 0x00000000db718810, a java.lang.Object),
  which is held by "pool-1-thread-2"

Java stack information for the threads listed above:
===================================================
"pool-1-thread-2":
        at com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.DeadLockDemo1$TestTask.test2(DeadLockDemo1.java:36)
        - waiting to lock <0x00000000db718800> (a java.lang.Object)
        - locked <0x00000000db718810> (a java.lang.Object)
        at com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.DeadLockDemo1$TestTask.run(DeadLockDemo1.java:47)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
"pool-1-thread-1":
        at com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.DeadLockDemo1$TestTask.test1(DeadLockDemo1.java:29)
        - waiting to lock <0x00000000db718810> (a java.lang.Object)
        - locked <0x00000000db718800> (a java.lang.Object)
        at com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.DeadLockDemo1$TestTask.run(DeadLockDemo1.java:45)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

Found 1 deadlock.

在这里插入图片描述

7.4 等待IO

public class JstackIODemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        InputStream is = System.in;
        int i = is.read();
        System.out.println("exit。");
    }
}

和上面一样，jps获取进程，jstack获取线程堆栈信息

D:\javasoft\java_soft\jdk\bin>jps -l
13072 org/netbeans/Main
14228 sun.tools.jps.Jps
16212 com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.DeadLockDemo
18404 com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.JstackIODemo
8644 com.xin.demo.XinJavaDemoApplication
16040 com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.ObjectWaitDemo
16136 com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.DeadLockDemo1
5560
16092 org.jetbrains.jps.cmdline.Launcher
17292 com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.WhileTrueDemo

D:\javasoft\java_soft\jdk\bin>jstack -l 18404
2024-05-27 20:03:40
Full thread dump Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (25.271-b09 mixed mode):

"Service Thread" #11 daemon prio=9 os_prio=0 tid=0x000001eefbde4000 nid=0x26b0 runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"C1 CompilerThread3" #10 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001eefbd1d000 nid=0x4354 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"C2 CompilerThread2" #9 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001eefbd0d800 nid=0x1694 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"C2 CompilerThread1" #8 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001eefbd0a800 nid=0x47d0 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"C2 CompilerThread0" #7 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001eefbd02000 nid=0x2d28 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"Monitor Ctrl-Break" #6 daemon prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000001eefbcb8800 nid=0x3034 runnable [0x00000008c97fe000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead0(Native Method)
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.socketRead(SocketInputStream.java:116)
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:171)
        at java.net.SocketInputStream.read(SocketInputStream.java:141)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.readBytes(StreamDecoder.java:284)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.implRead(StreamDecoder.java:326)
        at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.read(StreamDecoder.java:178)
        - locked <0x00000000db6afad8> (a java.io.InputStreamReader)
        at java.io.InputStreamReader.read(InputStreamReader.java:184)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.fill(BufferedReader.java:161)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:324)
        - locked <0x00000000db6afad8> (a java.io.InputStreamReader)
        at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:389)
        at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMainV2$1.run(AppMainV2.java:53)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"Attach Listener" #5 daemon prio=5 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001eef9b9e800 nid=0x1354 waiting on condition [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"Signal Dispatcher" #4 daemon prio=9 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001eefb768800 nid=0x2110 runnable [0x0000000000000000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"Finalizer" #3 daemon prio=8 os_prio=1 tid=0x000001eee415a800 nid=0x2500 in Object.wait() [0x00000008c94ff000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
        - waiting on <0x00000000db308ee0> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
        at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:144)
        - locked <0x00000000db308ee0> (a java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue$Lock)
        at java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue.remove(ReferenceQueue.java:165)
        at java.lang.ref.Finalizer$FinalizerThread.run(Finalizer.java:216)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"Reference Handler" #2 daemon prio=10 os_prio=2 tid=0x000001eef9b17000 nid=0x4218 in Object.wait() [0x00000008c93ff000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (on object monitor)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Native Method)
        - waiting on <0x00000000db306c00> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
        at java.lang.Object.wait(Object.java:502)
        at java.lang.ref.Reference.tryHandlePending(Reference.java:191)
        - locked <0x00000000db306c00> (a java.lang.ref.Reference$Lock)
        at java.lang.ref.Reference$ReferenceHandler.run(Reference.java:153)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"main" #1 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x000001eee40bc800 nid=0x1e40 runnable [0x00000008c89fe000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
        at java.io.FileInputStream.readBytes(Native Method)
        at java.io.FileInputStream.read(FileInputStream.java:255)
        at java.io.BufferedInputStream.fill(BufferedInputStream.java:246)
        at java.io.BufferedInputStream.read(BufferedInputStream.java:265)
        - locked <0x00000000db363c70> (a java.io.BufferedInputStream)
        at com.xin.demo.threaddemo.bookdemo.JstackIODemo.main(JstackIODemo.java:9)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"VM Thread" os_prio=2 tid=0x000001eef9af3800 nid=0x108 runnable

"GC task thread#0 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001eee40d4800 nid=0x16a4 runnable

"GC task thread#1 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001eee40d6000 nid=0x3714 runnable

"GC task thread#2 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001eee40d8800 nid=0x2644 runnable

"GC task thread#3 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001eee40d9800 nid=0x3128 runnable

"GC task thread#4 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001eee40db800 nid=0x25cc runnable

"GC task thread#5 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001eee40dc800 nid=0x17dc runnable

"GC task thread#6 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001eee40df800 nid=0x2318 runnable

"GC task thread#7 (ParallelGC)" os_prio=0 tid=0x000001eee40e0800 nid=0x1cc8 runnable

"VM Periodic Task Thread" os_prio=2 tid=0x000001eefbe8b800 nid=0x3e04 waiting on condition

JNI global references: 12

在这里插入图片描述