引子:在做一道题的时候引发的思考,这道题是这样的:实现一个容器,提供两个方法,add,size写两个线程,线程1添加10个元素到容器中,线程2实现监控元素得个数,当个数到5个时,线程2给出提示并结束
答案有多种,比如说用wait()、notify()来实现,LockSupport的park()、unpark()来实现,其中有一种解题的思路是采用Semaphore来实现。但是Semaphore,realease后无法指定具体哪个线程得到执行权,也就无法保证在线程1数到5个时准确提示,所以需要配合join()来实现,我最开始是这样写的:
public class ThreadLearn04 {
static Thread t1,t2;
List<Object> list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
public void add(Object o){list.add(o);}
public int size(){return list.size();}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadLearn04 c = new ThreadLearn04();
Semaphore s = new Semaphore(1);
t1= new Thread(()->{
try {
s.acquire();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i==5){
s.release();
try {
t2.start();
t2.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
c.add(new Object());
System.out.println("当前已经加了"+(i+1)+"个了");
}
},"t1");
t2 = new Thread(()->{
try {
s.acquire();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (c.size()==5){
System.out.println("已经加入5个了,该结束了");
}
System.out.println("t2结束");
s.release();
},"t2");
t1.start();
}
}
大佬们肯定一眼就看出问题了吧,没错,t2线程join()了但是没有start()无法进入running状态,因为在我的潜意识里,只要调用t2.join()方法就会自动启动t2线程,于是我各种查找资料,查join()的实现方式,当点击进入join()方法的时候你会发现他其实底层是采用的wait()方法实现的
public final void join() throws InterruptedException {
join(0);
}
public final synchronized void join(long millis)
throws InterruptedException {
long base = System.currentTimeMillis();
long now = 0;
if (millis < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
}
if (millis == 0) {
while (isAlive()) {
wait(0);
}
} else {
while (isAlive()) {
long delay = millis - now;
if (delay <= 0) {
break;
}
wait(delay);
now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base;
}
}
}
看到wait(0)了吧,也就是说只要t2线程为运行状态就会一直等待下去,那么又出现了一个新问题,什么时候被唤醒呢,因为不可能只有wait()而没有notify(),不然线程会一直阻塞。最终查到是在JVM的源码中,可以参考这篇文章
// 位于/hotspot/src/share/vm/runtime/thread.cpp中
void JavaThread::exit(bool destroy_vm, ExitType exit_type) {
// ...
// Notify waiters on thread object. This has to be done after exit() is called
// on the thread (if the thread is the last thread in a daemon ThreadGroup the
// group should have the destroyed bit set before waiters are notified).
ensure_join(this);
// ...
}
static void ensure_join(JavaThread* thread) {
// We do not need to grap the Threads_lock, since we are operating on ourself.
Handle threadObj(thread, thread->threadObj());
assert(threadObj.not_null(), "java thread object must exist");
ObjectLocker lock(threadObj, thread);
// Ignore pending exception (ThreadDeath), since we are exiting anyway
thread->clear_pending_exception();
// Thread is exiting. So set thread_status field in java.lang.Thread class to TERMINATED.
java_lang_Thread::set_thread_status(threadObj(), java_lang_Thread::TERMINATED);
// Clear the native thread instance - this makes isAlive return false and allows the join()
// to complete once we've done the notify_all below
java_lang_Thread::set_thread(threadObj(), NULL);
lock.notify_all(thread);
// Ignore pending exception (ThreadDeath), since we are exiting anyway
thread->clear_pending_exception();
}
瞧一瞧,看一看,lock.notify_all(thread)没有,也就是线程执行完毕后,将会激活持有thread线程对象锁的线程,那么对应我们写的代码,谁持有了呢,也就是谁调用了join(),谁就持有了加入线程对象锁。t1中调用了t2.join(),也就是t1持有了t2线程对象锁,so,在t2执行完后,jvm将会调用lock.notify_all(thread),唤醒所有持有t2对象锁的所有线程。哎,有点绕口…
然后…查了那么多发现并没有解决自己的疑惑,为啥t2.join()没有自动执行t2线程中的方法。后面才晓得,要调用join()方法,加入的线程必须先start()否则将毫无意义,因为…join()并不会自动调用start(),你线程都还没有启动,join个毛呀…
这里还有个问题,到底在哪儿开启t2,如果在t1外层开启的话就不能保证t2输出的时候t1已经执行到t2.join()了,也就是说很有可能,t2都执行完了,t1才执行到t2.join(),也就毫无意义了。
so,应该直接在join()前一句加就ok了。
if (i==5){
s.release();
try {
t2.start();
t2.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
学习笔记,如有不对之处烦请大佬指出,Thanks…