Python基础之装饰器

一、装饰器定义

器-》工具
装饰-》添加新功能

装饰器就是定义一个函数，用该函数去为其他函数添加新功能

二、为何要用装饰器

开放封闭原则：针对上线的功能对拓展是开放的，但是对修改源代码以及调用方式是封闭的

装饰器就是在遵循开放封闭原则的前提下为被装饰对象添加新功能
    1、不修改被装饰对象的源代码
    1、不修改被装饰对象的调用方式

三、如何用装饰器

# 需求：为index加上新功能-》统计其运行时间
# import time
#
# def index():
#     time.sleep(1)
#     print('from index')
#
# index()


# 方案1：
import time

def index():
    start=time.time()

    time.sleep(1)
    print('from index')

    stop=time.time()
    print('run time is %s' %(stop - start))

index()


# 方案2：
import time

def index():
    time.sleep(1)
    print('from index')

start=time.time()
index()
stop=time.time()
print('run time is %s' %(stop - start))


# 方案3：
import time

def index():
    time.sleep(1)
    print('from index')

def wrapper():
    start=time.time()
    index()
    stop=time.time()
    print('run time is %s' %(stop - start))

wrapper()


# 方案3.1
import time

def index():
    time.sleep(1)
    print('from index')

def wrapper(f):
    start=time.time()
    f()  # 函数index的内存地址()
    stop=time.time()
    print('run time is %s' %(stop - start))

wrapper(index)  # wrapper(函数index的内存地址)


# 方案3.2
import time

def index():
    time.sleep(1)
    print('from index')


def outter(f):  # f=函数index的内存地址
    def wrapper():
        start=time.time()
        f()  # 函数index的内存地址()
        stop=time.time()
        print('run time is %s' %(stop - start))
    return wrapper

index=outter(index)  # outter(函数index的内存地址)

index()


# 改进1
import time

def index():
    time.sleep(1)
    print('from index')

def home(name):
    time.sleep(2)
    print('home page,welecome %s' %name)


def outter(f):  # f=函数home的内存地址
    def wrapper(name):
        start=time.time()
        f(name)  # 函数home的内存地址(name)
        stop=time.time()
        print('run time is %s' %(stop - start))
    return wrapper

# index=outter(index)  # outter(函数index的内存地址)
# index()

home=outter(home)  # outter(函数home的内存地址)

home("egon")


# 改进2
import time

def index():
    time.sleep(1)
    print('from index')

def home(name):
    time.sleep(2)
    print('home page,welecome %s' %name)


def outter(f):  # f=函数home的内存地址
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        start=time.time()
        f(*args,**kwargs)  # 函数home的内存地址(name)
        stop=time.time()
        print('run time is %s' %(stop - start))
    return wrapper

# index=outter(index)  # outter(函数index的内存地址)
# index()

# home=outter(home)  # outter(函数home的内存地址)
# home("egon")


# 改进3 (终极改进)
import time


def index():
    time.sleep(1)
    print('from index')


def home(name):
    time.sleep(2)
    print('home page,welecome %s' % name)
    return 123


def outter(f):  # f=函数home的内存地址
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        start = time.time()
        res = f(*args, **kwargs)  # 函数home的内存地址(name)
        stop = time.time()
        print('run time is %s' % (stop - start))
        return res

    return wrapper


index = outter(index)
home = outter(home)

res = index()
print(res)  # None

res = home("egon")
print(res)  # 123