Android多线程:ThreadPoolExecutor

Android多线程:ThreadPoolExecutor

构造方法

    public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
        this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
             Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), defaultHandler);
    }
    
    public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                              int maximumPoolSize,
                              long keepAliveTime,
                              TimeUnit unit,
                              BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
                              ThreadFactory threadFactory,
                              RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
        if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
            maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
            maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
            keepAliveTime < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
        this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
        this.workQueue = workQueue;
        this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
        this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
        this.handler = handler;
    }

参数:
corePoolSize :要保留在池中的线程数, 即使它们处于空闲状态, 除非设allowCoreThreadTimeOut;
maximumPoolSize 线程池中运行存在的最大线程数量；
keepAliveTime： 当线程的数量大于核心, 这是多余的空闲线程的最长时间将等待新的任务终止；
unit：时间类型；
workQueue ：用于在执行任务之前保存任务的队列。 此队列将只保存execute方法提交Runnable
threadFactory ：线程工厂，用于创建线程；
handler ：当达到线程边界和队列最大容量时，阻止其执行

使用方法

// 1. 创建线程池
   // 创建时，通过配置线程池的参数，从而实现自己所需的线程池
   Executor threadPool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
                                              CORE_POOL_SIZE,
                                              MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE,
                                              KEEP_ALIVE,
                                              TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                              sPoolWorkQueue,
                                              sThreadFactory
                                              );
    // 注：在Java中，已内置4种常见线程池，下面会详细说明

// 2. 向线程池提交任务：execute（）
    // 说明：传入 Runnable对象
       threadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                ... // 线程执行任务
            }
        });

// 3. 关闭线程池shutdown() 
  threadPool.shutdown();

  // 关闭线程的原理
  // a. 遍历线程池中的所有工作线程
  // b. 逐个调用线程的interrupt（）中断线程（注：无法响应中断的任务可能永远无法终止）

  // 也可调用shutdownNow（）关闭线程：threadPool.shutdownNow（）
  // 二者区别：
  // shutdown：设置 线程池的状态 为 SHUTDOWN，然后中断所有没有正在执行任务的线程
  // shutdownNow：设置 线程池的状态 为 STOP，然后尝试停止所有的正在执行或暂停任务的线程，并返回等待执行任务的列表
  // 使用建议：一般调用shutdown（）关闭线程池；若任务不一定要执行完，则调用shutdownNow（）

常见四种默认线程

根据参数的不同配置，Java中最常见的线程池有4类：

定长线程池（FixedThreadPool）
定时线程池（ScheduledThreadPool ）
可缓存线程池（CachedThreadPool）
单线程化线程池（SingleThreadExecutor）
即 对于上述4类线程池，Java已根据 应用场景 配置好核心参数

定长线程池

特点：只有核心线程 & 不会被回收、线程数量固定、任务队列无大小限制（超出的线程任务会在队列中等待）
应用场景：控制线程最大并发数
具体使用：通过 Executors.newFixedThreadPool() 创建

    public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                                      0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                      new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
    }
// 1. 创建定长线程池对象 & 设置线程池线程数量固定为3
ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);

// 2. 创建好Runnable类线程对象 & 需执行的任务
Runnable task =new Runnable(){
  public void run(){
    System.out.println("执行任务啦");
     }
    };

// 3. 向线程池提交任务：execute（）
fixedThreadPool.execute(task);

// 4. 关闭线程池
fixedThreadPool.shutdown();

定时线程池

特点：核心线程数量固定、非核心线程数量无限制（闲置时马上回收）
应用场景：执行定时 / 周期性 任务
使用：通过Executors.newScheduledThreadPool()创建

    public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) {
        return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);
    }
    public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) {
        super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
              DEFAULT_KEEPALIVE_MILLIS, MILLISECONDS,
              new DelayedWorkQueue());
    }
// 1. 创建 定时线程池对象 & 设置线程池线程数量固定为5
ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);

// 2. 创建好Runnable类线程对象 & 需执行的任务
Runnable task =new Runnable(){
       public void run(){
              System.out.println("执行任务啦");
          }
    };
// 3. 向线程池提交任务：schedule（）
scheduledThreadPool.schedule(task, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS); // 延迟1s后执行任务
scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(task,10,1000,TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);// 延迟10ms后、每隔1000ms执行任务

// 4. 关闭线程池
scheduledThreadPool.shutdown();

可缓存线程池

特点：只有非核心线程、线程数量不固定（可无限大）、灵活回收空闲线程（具备超时机制，全部回收时几乎不占系统资源）、新建线程（无线程可用时）
任何线程任务到来都会立刻执行，不需要等待

应用场景：执行大量、耗时少的线程任务
使用：通过Executors.newCachedThreadPool()创建

   public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                      60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                      new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
    }

    /**
// 1. 创建可缓存线程池对象
ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

// 2. 创建好Runnable类线程对象 & 需执行的任务
Runnable task =new Runnable(){
  public void run(){
        System.out.println("执行任务啦");
            }
    };

// 3. 向线程池提交任务：execute（）
cachedThreadPool.execute(task);

// 4. 关闭线程池
cachedThreadPool.shutdown();

//当执行第二个任务时第一个任务已经完成
//那么会复用执行第一个任务的线程，而不用每次新建线程。

单线程化线程池

特点：只有一个核心线程（保证所有任务按照指定顺序在一个线程中执行，不需要处理线程同步的问题）

应用场景：不适合并发但可能引起IO阻塞性及影响UI线程响应的操作，如数据库操作，文件操作等

使用：通过Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor()创建

  public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
        return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
            (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                                    0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                    new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
    }
// 1. 创建单线程化线程池
ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();

// 2. 创建好Runnable类线程对象 & 需执行的任务
Runnable task =new Runnable(){
  public void run(){
        System.out.println("执行任务啦");
            }
    };

// 3. 向线程池提交任务：execute（）
singleThreadExecutor.execute(task);

// 4. 关闭线程池
singleThreadExecutor.shutdown();

回头看execute 方法

    public void execute(Runnable command) {
        if (command == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();
        /*
         * Proceed in 3 steps:
         *
         * 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to
         * start a new thread with the given command as its first
         * task.  The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and
         * workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add
         * threads when it shouldn't, by returning false.
         *
         * 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need
         * to double-check whether we should have added a thread
         * (because existing ones died since last checking) or that
         * the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we
         * recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if
         * stopped, or start a new thread if there are none.
         *
         * 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new
         * thread.  If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated
         * and so reject the task.
         */
        int c = ctl.get();
        if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
            if (addWorker(command, true))
                return;
            c = ctl.get();
        }
        if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
            int recheck = ctl.get();
            if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
                reject(command);
            else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
                addWorker(null, false);
        }
        else if (!addWorker(command, false))
            reject(command);
    }

   /**
     * Checks if a new worker can be added with respect to current
     * pool state and the given bound (either core or maximum). If so,
     * the worker count is adjusted accordingly, and, if possible, a
     * new worker is created and started, running firstTask as its
     * first task. This method returns false if the pool is stopped or
     * eligible to shut down. It also returns false if the thread
     * factory fails to create a thread when asked.  If the thread
     * creation fails, either due to the thread factory returning
     * null, or due to an exception (typically OutOfMemoryError in
     * Thread.start()), we roll back cleanly.
     *
     * @param firstTask the task the new thread should run first (or
     * null if none). Workers are created with an initial first task
     * (in method execute()) to bypass queuing when there are fewer
     * than corePoolSize threads (in which case we always start one),
     * or when the queue is full (in which case we must bypass queue).
     * Initially idle threads are usually created via
     * prestartCoreThread or to replace other dying workers.
     *
     * @param core if true use corePoolSize as bound, else
     * maximumPoolSize. (A boolean indicator is used here rather than a
     * value to ensure reads of fresh values after checking other pool
     * state).
     * @return true if successful
     */
    private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
        retry:
        for (;;) {
            int c = ctl.get();
            int rs = runStateOf(c);

            // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
            if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
                ! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&
                   firstTask == null &&
                   ! workQueue.isEmpty()))
                return false;

            for (;;) {
                int wc = workerCountOf(c);
                if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
                    wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
                    return false;
                if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
                    break retry;
                c = ctl.get();  // Re-read ctl
                if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
                    continue retry;
                // else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
            }
        }

        boolean workerStarted = false;
        boolean workerAdded = false;
        Worker w = null;
        try {
            w = new Worker(firstTask);
            final Thread t = w.thread;
            if (t != null) {
                final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
                mainLock.lock();
                try {
                    // Recheck while holding lock.
                    // Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
                    // shut down before lock acquired.
                    int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());

                    if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
                        (rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
                        if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
                            throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
                        workers.add(w);
                        int s = workers.size();
                        if (s > largestPoolSize)
                            largestPoolSize = s;
                        workerAdded = true;
                    }
                } finally {
                    mainLock.unlock();
                }
                if (workerAdded) {
                    t.start();
                    workerStarted = true;
                }
            }
        } finally {
            if (! workerStarted)
                addWorkerFailed(w);
        }
        return workerStarted;
    }