CSAPP Lab1 - datalab

Lab1 - datalab

bitXor

/* 
 * bitXor - x^y using only ~ and & 
 *   Example: bitXor(4, 5) = 1
 *   Legal ops: ~ &
 *   Max ops: 14
 *   Rating: 1
 */
int bitXor(int x, int y) {
  //__|_0|_1|
  // 0| 0  1
  // 1| 1  0
  // a|b = ~(~a&~b)
  // x^y = (~x&y)|(x&~y) = ~(~(~x&y)&~(x&~y))
  return ~(~(~x&y)&~(x&~y));
}

tmin

/* 
 * tmin - return minimum two's complement integer 
 *   Legal ops: ! ~ & ^ | + << >>
 *   Max ops: 4
 *   Rating: 1
 */
int tmin(void) {
  return 1<<31;
}

isTmax

/*
 * isTmax - returns 1 if x is the maximum, two's complement number,
 *     and 0 otherwise 
 *   Legal ops: ! ~ & ^ | +
 *   Max ops: 10
 *   Rating: 1
 */
int isTmax(int x) {
  // !0 = 1, !x = 0 if x != 0
  return !(~(x+1)^x)&!!(x+1);
}

allOddBits

/* 
 * allOddBits - return 1 if all odd-numbered bits in word set to 1
 *   where bits are numbered from 0 (least significant) to 31 (most significant)
 *   Examples allOddBits(0xFFFFFFFD) = 0, allOddBits(0xAAAAAAAA) = 1
 *   Legal ops: ! ~ & ^ | + << >>
 *   Max ops: 12
 *   Rating: 2
 */
int allOddBits(int x) {
  int tmp1 = (0xAA << 8) + 0xAA;
  int tmp2 = (tmp1 << 16) + tmp1;
  return !((x & tmp2)^tmp2);
}

negate

/* 
 * negate - return -x 
 *   Example: negate(1) = -1.
 *   Legal ops: ! ~ & ^ | + << >>
 *   Max ops: 5
 *   Rating: 2
 */
int negate(int x) {
  // ~x = -x-1
  return ~x+1;
}

isAsciiDigit

/* 
 * isAsciiDigit - return 1 if 0x30 <= x <= 0x39 (ASCII codes for characters '0' to '9')
 *   Example: isAsciiDigit(0x35) = 1.
 *            isAsciiDigit(0x3a) = 0.
 *            isAsciiDigit(0x05) = 0.
 *   Legal ops: ! ~ & ^ | + << >>
 *   Max ops: 15
 *   Rating: 3
 */
int isAsciiDigit(int x) {
  // 0x30 = 00110000
  // 0x39 = 00111001
  int a = !((x>>4)^3);
  int b = !!(x&8)^1;
  int c = !(x&6);
  return a&(b|c);
}

conditional

/* 
 * conditional - same as x ? y : z 
 *   Example: conditional(2,4,5) = 4
 *   Legal ops: ! ~ & ^ | + << >>
 *   Max ops: 16
 *   Rating: 3
 */
int conditional(int x, int y, int z) {
  int a = ~0+!x;
  return (~a&z)|(a&y);
}

isLessOrEqual

/* 
 * isLessOrEqual - if x <= y  then return 1, else return 0 
 *   Example: isLessOrEqual(4,5) = 1.
 *   Legal ops: ! ~ & ^ | + << >>
 *   Max ops: 24
 *   Rating: 3
 */
int isLessOrEqual(int x, int y) {
  int mask = 1<<31;
  int is_x_positive = !(x&mask);
  int is_y_positive = !(y&mask);
  int is_x_positive_y_negative = is_x_positive&(!is_y_positive);
  int is_x_negative_y_positive = is_y_positive&(!is_x_positive);
  int negate_y = ~y+1;
  int x_sub_y = x + negate_y;
  return (!is_x_positive_y_negative)&(is_x_negative_y_positive|!x_sub_y|!!(x_sub_y&mask));
}

logicalNeg

/* 
 * logicalNeg - implement the ! operator, using all of 
 *              the legal operators except !
 *   Examples: logicalNeg(3) = 0, logicalNeg(0) = 1
 *   Legal ops: ~ & ^ | + << >>
 *   Max ops: 12
 *   Rating: 4 
 */
int logicalNeg(int x) {
  x = x|x>>16; 
  x = x|x>>8; 
  x = x|x>>4; 
  x = x|x>>2; 
  x = x|x>>1; 
  return (x&1)^1;
}

howManyBits

/* howManyBits - return the minimum number of bits required to represent x in
 *             two's complement
 *  Examples: howManyBits(12) = 5
 *            howManyBits(298) = 10
 *            howManyBits(-5) = 4
 *            howManyBits(0)  = 1
 *            howManyBits(-1) = 1
 *            howManyBits(0x80000000) = 32
 *  Legal ops: ! ~ & ^ | + << >>
 *  Max ops: 90
 *  Rating: 4
 */
int howManyBits(int x) {
  return 0;
}

floatScale2

//float
/* 
 * floatScale2 - Return bit-level equivalent of expression 2*f for
 *   floating point argument f.
 *   Both the argument and result are passed as unsigned int's, but
 *   they are to be interpreted as the bit-level representation of
 *   single-precision floating point values.
 *   When argument is NaN, return argument
 *   Legal ops: Any integer/unsigned operations incl. ||, &&. also if, while
 *   Max ops: 30
 *   Rating: 4
 */
unsigned floatScale2(unsigned uf) {
  unsigned s = uf >> 31 & 0x1;
  unsigned exp = (uf >> 23) & 0xFF;
  unsigned frac = uf & 0x7FFFFF;
  if (exp == 0xFF)
  {
    return uf;
  }
  if (!exp)
  {
    frac <<= 1;
    return s<<31 | exp <<23 | frac;
  }
  else
  {
    exp++;
    return s<<31 | exp <<23 | frac;
  }
}

floatFloat2Int

/* 
 * floatFloat2Int - Return bit-level equivalent of expression (int) f
 *   for floating point argument f.
 *   Argument is passed as unsigned int, but
 *   it is to be interpreted as the bit-level representation of a
 *   single-precision floating point value.
 *   Anything out of range (including NaN and infinity) should return
 *   0x80000000u.
 *   Legal ops: Any integer/unsigned operations incl. ||, &&. also if, while
 *   Max ops: 30
 *   Rating: 4
 */
int floatFloat2Int(unsigned uf) {
  return 2;
}

floatPower2

/* 
 * floatPower2 - Return bit-level equivalent of the expression 2.0^x
 *   (2.0 raised to the power x) for any 32-bit integer x.
 *
 *   The unsigned value that is returned should have the identical bit
 *   representation as the single-precision floating-point number 2.0^x.
 *   If the result is too small to be represented as a denorm, return
 *   0. If too large, return +INF.
 * 
 *   Legal ops: Any integer/unsigned operations incl. ||, &&. Also if, while 
 *   Max ops: 30 
 *   Rating: 4
 */
unsigned floatPower2(int x) {
    return 2;
}