【Python编程-从入门到实践】练习题9-6 冰淇淋小店 9-7管理员 9-8权限 9-9电瓶升级

9-6 冰淇淋小店

class Restaurant():
    """关于餐馆的一切信息"""
    
    def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
        """初始化餐厅信息"""
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
        self.number_served = 0
           
    def describe_restaurant(self):
        """描述餐厅信息"""
        print("餐厅的名字叫：" + self.restaurant_name)
        
    def open_restaurant(self):
        """指出餐厅是否开业"""
        print("餐厅正在营业。")
        
    def set_number_served(self, set_number_served):
        """设置就餐人数"""
        self.number_served = set_number_served
        print("就餐人数为:" + str(self.number_served))
        
    def increment_number_served(self, increment_number_served):
        """就餐人数递增"""
        self.number_served += increment_number_served
        print(self.number_served)
        
class IceCreamStand(Restaurant):
    """父类Restaurant的子类"""
    
    def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
        """初始化子类的方法"""
        super().__init__(restaurant_name, cuisine_type)
        self.flavors = []               #创建一个用于存储列表的属性
        
    def show_ice(self, *ice_s):         #设一个列表形参
        """显示冰淇淋"""
        self.flavors = ice_s            #把形参赋值给属性
        print("冰淇淋有:")
        for i in self.flavors:          #打印列表
            print("- " + i.title())
            
ice_cream_stand = IceCreamStand('人间美味', '中餐厅')       #创建实例

ice_cream_stand.show_ice('冰1','冰2','冰3')        #传递任意数量的参数

'''
必须创建实例，才能调用子类的方法。就是说白了，你如果没有创建一个名为‘人间美味’的
‘中餐厅’,你就没办法去调用子类的方法，所以很多人在创建实例ice_cream_stand，忘记
传参创建实例，导致报错（缺少两个参数）
'''

运行结果：

9-7 管理员

class User():
    """关于用户的一切"""
    
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name):
        """初始化用户信息"""
        self.fi_name = first_name
        self.la_name = last_name
        login_attempts = 0
        
    def describe_user(self):
        """打印用户信息"""
        print(self.fi + self.la)
        
    def greet_user(self):
        """向用户问好"""
        print("你好，" + self.fi + self.la)
        
    def increment_login_attempts(self):
        """试图登录的用户"""
        login_attempts = 1
        print("现在正在试图登录的用户有：" + str(login_attempts) + "个.")
        
    def reset_login_attempts(self):
        """试图登录的用户数"""
        login_attempts = 0
        print("现在正在试图登录的用户有：" + str(login_attempts) + "个.")


class Admin(User):
    """继承User"""
    
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name):
        """初始化子类的属性"""
        super().__init__(first_name, last_name)
        self.privileges = ['can add post', 'can delete post', 'can ban user']
        
    def show_privileges(self):
        """显示超级管理员的权限"""
        print("超级管理员的权限有：")
        for admin_privilege in self.privileges:
            print("- " + admin_privilege)
            
a_admin = Admin('guai', 'guai')

a_admin.show_privileges()

运行结果：

9-8 权限

class User():
    """关于用户的一切"""
    
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name):
        """初始化用户信息"""
        self.fi_name = first_name
        self.la_name = last_name
        login_attempts = 0
        
    def describe_user(self):
        """打印用户信息"""
        print(self.fi + self.la)
        
    def greet_user(self):
        """向用户问好"""
        print("你好，" + self.fi + self.la)
        
    def increment_login_attempts(self):
        """试图登录的用户"""
        login_attempts = 1
        print("现在正在试图登录的用户有：" + str(login_attempts) + "个.")
        
    def reset_login_attempts(self):
        """试图登录的用户数"""
        login_attempts = 0
        print("现在正在试图登录的用户有：" + str(login_attempts) + "个.")


class Privileges():
    """管理权限的类"""
    
    def __init__(self, privileges=[]):
        """初始化属性"""
        self.privileges = ['can add post', 'can delete post', 'can ban user']
        
    def show_privileges(self):
        """显示超级管理员的权限"""
        print("超级管理员的权限有：")
        for admin_privilege in self.privileges:
            print("- " + admin_privilege)        


class Admin(User):
    """继承User"""
    
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name):
        """初始化子类的属性"""
        super().__init__(first_name, last_name)
        #在调用Privileges时，如果需要参数，就应该给参数
        self.privileges = Privileges()
        
            
a_admin_2 = Admin('xiao', 'guai')

a_admin_2.privileges.show_privileges()

注意点（看如下两图）：

9-9 电瓶升级

class Car():
    """关于汽车的一切信息"""
    
    def __init__(self, make, model, year):
        """初始化汽车信息"""
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
        self.year = year
        self.odometer_reading = 0
        
    def get_descriptive_name(self):
        """描述用户信息"""
        long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.make + ' ' + self.model
        return long_name.title()
        
    def read_odometer(self):
        """读取公里数"""
        print("This car has " + str(self.ofometer_reading) +
            "miles on it.")
    
    def update_odometer(self, mileage):
        """增加公里数"""
        if mileage >= self.odometer_reading:
            self.odometer_reading = mileage
        else:
            print("You can't roll back an odometer!")
    
    def incremet_odometer(self, miles):
        """增长的公里数"""
        self.odometer_reading += miles

#将实例用作属性：将类中的一部分独立出来成为一个小类，方便管理使用
class Battery():
    """一次模拟电动汽车电瓶的简单尝试"""
    
    def __init__(self, battery_size=70):
        """初始化电瓶的属性"""
        self.battery_size = battery_size
        
    def describe_battery(self):
        """打印一条描述电瓶容量的消息"""
        print("This car has a " + str(self.battery_size) + "-kwh battery")
        
    def get_range(self):
        """打印一条消息，指出电瓶的续航里程"""
        if self.battery_size == 70:
            range = 240
        elif self.battery_size == 85:
            range = 270
            
        message = "This car can go approximately " + str(range)
        message += " miles on a full charge."
        print(message)
        
    def upgrade_battery(self):
        """检查电瓶容量"""
        if self.battery_size != 85:
            self.battery_size = 85
        
    
class ElectricCar(Car):
    """特殊的电动汽车"""
    
    def __init__(self, make, model, year):
        """
        初始化电动汽车属性
        电动汽车自己特殊的方法和属性
        """
        super().__init__(make, model, year)     #继承
        self.battery_a = Battery()                #将实例用作属性
        
    def describe_battery(self):
        """打印一条描述电瓶容量的消息"""
        print("This car has a " + str(self.battery_size) + "-Kwh battery.")
        
    def fill_gas_tank(self):                #重写父类的方法
        """电动汽车没有汽油"""
        print("This car doesn't need a gas tank!")    


a_new_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla', 'model s', 2021)

a_new_tesla.battery_a.describe_battery()    
    
a_new_tesla.battery_a.get_range()           #调用方法查看续航里程

a_new_tesla.battery_a.upgrade_battery()     #调用方法升级了电瓶容量

a_new_tesla.battery_a.get_range()           #再次调用方法查看续航里程

运行结果：