Mongoose【node.js的优雅mongodb对象建模】

Mongoose基础运行流程：

官方 Docs 地址

Mongoose 官方文档

1. 安装：

npm install mongoose --save

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2. 使用：

2.1 目录结构：

• config文件夹-index.js：集中存放配置信息;

  示例：

  const DB_URL = 'mongodb://localhost:27017/admin';
  exports.DB_URL = DB_URL;
  

• model: mongoose Model users.js 即表示数据库users表;

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2.2 初始化连接实例 [ 创建 DBHelper.js ]

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2.2.1 链接地址书写格式[ mongoose.connect（参数格式 ）]：

不含校验：mongodb://域名：端口/数据库名称

mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost:27017/test');

含校验：mongodb://用户名：密码@域名：端口/数据库名称

mongoose.connect('mongodb://user:password@localhost:27017/test')

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2.2.2 完整DBHelper.js

const mongoose = require('mongoose');

const config = require('./index');
const { DB_URL } = config;

/* 
    捕捉建立初始连接时的错误 
    注意：两种错误捕捉注意区分,避免遗漏
    	1. 捕捉建立初始连接时的错误 
    	2. 捕捉建立初始连接[ 后 ]的错误;
*/
async function main() {
    await mongoose.connect(DB_URL);

    // use `await mongoose.connect('mongodb://user:password@localhost:27017/test');` if your database has auth enabled
}
main().catch(err => console.log(err));

/* 
    监测连接成功
*/
mongoose.connection.on('connected', () => {
    console.log('连接成功')
});
/* 
    捕捉建立初始连接[ 后 ]的错误;
*/
mongoose.connection.on('error', err => {
    logInfo(err, 'error');
});
/* 
    监测断开链接
*/
mongoose.connection.on('disconnected', back => {
    logInfo(back, 'disconnected');
});

const logInfo = (err, which) => {
    console.log(err + '-' + which)
}

exports.mongoose = mongoose;

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附：connection事件种类

mongoose.connection事件 - Connection Events

• connecting: Emitted when Mongoose starts making its initial connection to the MongoDB server
• connected: Emitted when Mongoose successfully makes its initial connection to the MongoDB server, or when Mongoose reconnects after losing connectivity. May be emitted multiple times if Mongoose loses connectivity.
• open: Emitted after 'connected' and onOpen is executed on all of this connection’s models.
• disconnecting: Your app called Connection#close() to disconnect from MongoDB
• disconnected: Emitted when Mongoose lost connection to the MongoDB server. This event may be due to your code explicitly closing the connection, the database server crashing, or network connectivity issues.
• close: Emitted after Connection#close() successfully closes the connection. If you call conn.close(), you’ll get both a ‘disconnected’ event and a ‘close’ event.
• reconnected: Emitted if Mongoose lost connectivity to MongoDB and successfully reconnected. Mongoose attempts to automatically reconnect when it loses connection to the database.
• error: Emitted if an error occurs on a connection, like a parseError due to malformed data or a payload larger than 16MB.
• fullsetup: Emitted when you’re connecting to a replica set and Mongoose has successfully connected to the primary and at least one secondary.
• all: Emitted when you’re connecting to a replica set and Mongoose has successfully connected to all servers specified in your connection string.

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2.3 创建Model

2.3.1 注意事项：

(1): Model的使用基于Schema [ 先定义Schema ]

const schema = new mongoose.Schema({ name: 'string', size: 'string' });
const Tank = mongoose.model('Tank', schema);

(2): Mongoose Model预设默认行为!!

【注意！！】第一个参数是模型所针对的集合的单数名称。Mongoose会自动查找型号名称的复数小写版本。因此，对于上面的示例，模型Tank用于数据库中的 tanks

const schema = new mongoose.Schema({ name: 'string', size: 'string' });
const Tank = mongoose.model('Tank', schema);

(3): 解决（2）中的Modle预设默认行为

1. 阻止mongoose多元化行为 : mongoose.pluralize(null)

   mongoose 版本>5?

   mongoose.pluralize(null)
   

2. 基于改变Schema:

   在Scehema中声明collection:

   那么,基于此Schema的Modle的使用会基于collection参数值,

   var schema = new Schema({ name: String }, { collection: 'actor' });
   var M = mongoose.model('Actor', schema);
   // 此时 M 对应数据库中的actor ,而非mongoose预设行为中对应的actors!!
   
   

3. 基于改变Model:

   var M = mongoose.model('Actor', schema, 'actor');
   // 此时 M 对应数据库中的actor ,而非mongoose预设行为中对应的actors!!
   

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2.3.2 完整users.js

const { mongoose } = require('../config/DBHelper')

const Schema = mongoose.Schema;

const UsersSchema = new Schema({
    'name': String,
    'age': Number,
    'gender': String
})

/* 
    默认添加 第1参数复数名称的表;除非指定第3参数:数据库表名
*/
const Users_Model = mongoose.model('user', UsersSchema, 'user');


const add = async (params) => {
    const addResult = await new Users_Model(params).save();
    console.log(addResult, 'Users_Model-addResult')
}


const find = async (params) => {
    const findResult = await Users_Model.find(params);
    console.log(findResult, 'Users_Model-findResult')
}

const updateOne = async (query, data) => {
    const updateOneResult = await Users_Model.updateOne(query, data);
    console.log(updateOneResult, 'Users_Model-updateOneResult')
}

const deleteOne = async (query) => {
    const deleteOneResult = await Users_Model.deleteOne(query);
    console.log(deleteOneResult, 'Users_Model-deleteOneResult')
}



exports.Add_Users = add;

exports.Find_Users = find;

exports.UpdateOne_User = updateOne;

module.exports = {
    DeleteOne_User: deleteOne,
    Add_Users: add,
    Find_Users: find,
    UpdateOne_User: updateOne
}

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2.4 对应 Model 操作对应数据库表内容 [ 基于 2.2 , 2.3]

一个 Model 对应数据库一个表;

示例：针对users表使用封装好的方法[users.js]进行操作;

const { Add_Users, Find_Users, UpdateOne_User, DeleteOne_User } = require('./model/users')


Add_Users({
  name: '绿萝南',
  age: 12,
  gender: '男'
})

Find_Users();

UpdateOne_User({ name: 'baidu.com' }, { name: '南南', age: 88 })

DeleteOne_User({name:'绿萝南'})