一、84.柱状图中最大的矩形
给定 n 个非负整数,用来表示柱状图中各个柱子的高度。每个柱子彼此相邻,且宽度为 1 。
求在该柱状图中,能够勾勒出来的矩形的最大面积。
class Solution {
public int largestRectangleArea(int[] heights) {
int length = heights.length;
int[] minLeftIndex = new int [length];
int[] minRightIndex = new int [length];
// 记录左边第一个小于该柱子的下标
minLeftIndex[0] = -1 ;
for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
int t = i - 1;
// 这里不是用if,而是不断向右寻找的过程
while (t >= 0 && heights[t] >= heights[i]) t = minLeftIndex[t];
minLeftIndex[i] = t;
}
// 记录每个柱子右边第一个小于该柱子的下标
minRightIndex[length - 1] = length;
for (int i = length - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
int t = i + 1;
while(t < length && heights[t] >= heights[i]) t = minRightIndex[t];
minRightIndex[i] = t;
}
// 求和
int result = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
int sum = heights[i] * (minRightIndex[i] - minLeftIndex[i] - 1);
result = Math.max(sum, result);
}
return result;
}
}
单调栈:
class Solution {
int largestRectangleArea(int[] heights) {
Stack<Integer> st = new Stack<Integer>();
// 数组扩容,在头和尾各加入一个元素
int [] newHeights = new int[heights.length + 2];
newHeights[0] = 0;
newHeights[newHeights.length - 1] = 0;
for (int index = 0; index < heights.length; index++){
newHeights[index + 1] = heights[index];
}
heights = newHeights;
st.push(0);
int result = 0;
// 第一个元素已经入栈,从下标1开始
for (int i = 1; i < heights.length; i++) {
// 注意heights[i] 是和heights[st.top()] 比较 ,st.top()是下标
if (heights[i] > heights[st.peek()]) {
st.push(i);
} else if (heights[i] == heights[st.peek()]) {
st.pop(); // 这个可以加,可以不加,效果一样,思路不同
st.push(i);
} else {
while (heights[i] < heights[st.peek()]) { // 注意是while
int mid = st.peek();
st.pop();
int left = st.peek();
int right = i;
int w = right - left - 1;
int h = heights[mid];
result = Math.max(result, w * h);
}
st.push(i);
}
}
return result;
}
}