（C++）02 指针

四、指针

1、指针和数组

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

void swap01(int a, int b)
{
	int temp = a;
	a = b;
	b = temp;
}

void swap02(int *a,int *b)
{
	int temp = *a;
	*a = *b;
	*b = temp;
}

//冒泡排序函数，参数1-数组首地址，参数2-数组长度
void bubbleSort(int* arr,int len)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < len-1; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < len-1-i; j++)
		{
			if (arr[j]>arr[j+1])
			{
				int temp = arr[j];
				arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
				arr[j + 1] = temp;
			}
		}
	}
}

void printArray(int* arr, int len)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < len-1; i++)
	{
		cout << arr[i] << " ";
	}
}

int main() {
	int arr[10] = { 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 };
	int* p = arr;
	cout << "利用指针显示第一个元素" << *p << endl;
	p++;
	cout << "利用指针显示第二个元素" << *p << endl;

	//指针和函数 
	//1.值传递 -- 不修改实参
	int a = 10, b = 20;
	swap01(a, b);
	cout << "a=" << a << endl;
	//2.地址传递 -- 可以修改实参
	swap02(&a, &b);
	cout << "a=" << a << endl;

	//指针数组函数案例
	int arr2[10] = { 4,3,6,9,1,2,10,8,7,5 };
	int len = sizeof(arr2) / sizeof(arr2[0]);
	bubbleSort(arr2, len);
	printArray(arr2, len);
	return 0;
}

2、指针和结构体

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

//结构体 -- 自定义数据类型
struct Student
{
	string name;
	int age;
	double score;
}s3;

struct Teacher
{
	int id;
	string name;
	int age;
	Student stu;
};

//值传递
void printStu01(Student s1) {
	s1.name = "kk";
}
//地址传递  -- 可以减少内存空间，而且不会复制新的副本出来
void printStu01(Student* s1) {
	s1->name = "haha";
}

//const 可以避免一些数据的误修改
void printStu01(const Student* s2) {
	// s2->name = "haha";
}

int main() {
	//1.结构体定义 -- 3种初始化方式
	Student s1; s1.name = "张三";
	Student s2 = { "里斯",12,12.23 };
	s3.name = "王五";

	//2.结构体数组
	Student arr[3] = { {"里斯",12,12.23},{"里斯2",12,12.23},{"里斯3",12,12.23} };

	//3.结构体指针  --  通过操作符 -> 可以获取结构体属性
	const Student* p = &s1;

	cout << p->name << endl;

	Teacher t = { 100,"老师",10,s1 };

	cout << t.stu.name << endl;

	//结构体做函数参数
	printStu01(s2);
	cout << s2.name << endl;
	printStu01(&s2);
	cout << s2.name << endl;
	return 1;
}

3、结构体案例

#include<iostream>
#include"string"

using namespace std;

struct Hero
{
	string name;
	int age;
	string sex;
};

struct Student
{
	string sName;
	int score;
};

struct Teacher
{
	string name;
	struct Student sArray[5];
};

void allocateSpace(struct Teacher tArray[], int len)
{
	string nameSeed = "ABCDE";
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		tArray[i].name = "Teacher_";
		tArray[i].name += nameSeed[i];

		for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
		{
			tArray[i].sArray[j].sName = "Student_";
			tArray[i].sArray[j].sName += nameSeed[j];

			int random = rand() % 61 + 40;
			tArray[i].sArray[j].score = random;
		}
	}
}

void printInfo(struct Teacher tArray[], int len) {
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		cout << "老师姓名：" << tArray[i].name << endl;
		for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
		{
			cout << "\t学生姓名：" << tArray[i].sArray[j].sName << " 考试分数：" << tArray[i].sArray[j].score << endl;
		}
	}
}

void SetHero(Hero* hero, int len) {

	string name[] = { "刘","关","张","赵 ","貂" };
	int age[] = { 22,25,16,33,28 };
	string sex[] = { "男","男","男","男 ","女" };

	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		hero[i].name = name[i];
		hero[i].age = age[i];
		hero[i].sex = sex[i];
	}
}

void swap_hero(Hero* hero1, Hero* hero2)
{
	Hero hero;
	hero = *hero1;
	*hero1 = *hero2;
	*hero2 = hero;
}

void printHero(Hero* hero, int len)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j< len-1-i; j++)
		{
			if (hero[j].age>hero[j+1].age)
			{
				swap_hero(&hero[j], &hero[j + 1]);
			}
		}
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
	{
		cout << hero[i].name << " " << hero[i].age << " " << hero[i].sex << endl;
	}
}

int main()
{
	//随机数种子
	srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
	Teacher tArray[3];
	allocateSpace(tArray, sizeof(tArray) / sizeof(tArray[0]));
	printInfo(tArray, sizeof(tArray) / sizeof(tArray[0]));

	Hero hero[5];
	SetHero(hero, sizeof(hero) / sizeof(hero[0]));
	printHero(hero, sizeof(hero) / sizeof(hero[0]));

	//new返回的是该 数据类型的指针
	int* a = new int(10);
	delete(a);

	system("pause");
	return 1;
}